The Effect of Schooling on Cognitive Skills
Abstract
To identify the causal effect of schooling on cognitive skills, we exploit conditionally random variation in the date Swedish males take a battery of cognitive tests in preparation for military service. We find an extra ten days of school instruction raises scores on crystallized intelligence tests (synonyms and technical comprehension tests) by approximately 1% of a standard deviation, whereas extra nonschool days have almost no effect. In contrast, test scores on fluid intelligence tests (spatial and logic tests) do not increase with additional days of schooling but do increase modestly with age.
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Carlsson et al. (2015) find that among 18-year-olds, an extra ten days of school instruction increases scores on crystallized intelligence tests by approximately 0.01 of a standard deviation.
“Even among 18-year-olds (for whom we might expect investment effects to be weaker) an extra ten days of school instruction increases scores on crystallized intelligence tests (synonyms and technical comprehension tests) by approximately 0.01 of a standard deviation.”
From Educational Inequality* (2022) · cites this paper as Carlsson et al. (2015)
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- Authors
- Carlsson, M., Dahl, G. B., Öckert, B., & Rooth, D.-O.
- Affiliations
- Linnaeus University (SE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Venue
- Review of Economics and Statistics
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 533-547
- ISSN
- 0034-6535 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-9142
- OpenAlex
- W2145176534
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 21.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Review of Economics and Statistics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › School Choice and Performance
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Keywords
- school education, cognitive skills, returns to education, crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, military service, cognitive tests, age effects
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