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Cited by 378Land Use and Ecosystem ServicesUrban Stormwater Management SolutionsUrban Green Space and Health

Nexus between nature-based solutions, ecosystem services and urban challenges

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Babí Almenar, Javier, Elliot, Thomas, Rugani, Benedetto, Philippe, Bodénan, Navarrete Gutierrez, Tomas, Sonnemann, Guido, Geneletti, Davide·2021·Land Use Policy
DOI 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104898
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Abstract

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly promoted to support sustainable and resilient urban planning. However, design and planning urban NBS targeted at the needs of the local context require knowledge about the causal relationships between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) This paper aims at contributing to this knowledge, by systematically identifying nexuses (i.e. qualitative links) between UC, ES and NBS, and describing plausible causal relationships. A conceptual UC-ES-NBS criteria framework was built, and used to guide a two-step systematic literature review on current UC and on the supply of ES by urban NBS. This was followed by a non-systematic literature review, which complemented the previous one by unveiling knowledge gaps on the biophysical and social processes and attributes on which specific ES classes depend. The non-systematic review was also used to identify additional NBS. The UC review identified 18 UC and 58 sub-challenges, and illustrated which UC were more studied, according to the type of literature and environmental and socio-economic attributes of urban contexts. The ES review led to the development of an urban NBS classification, and supported the identification of UC-ES and ES-NBS nexuses, which were analysed and classified into four groups of causal relationship. For the nexuses identified as direct plausible causal relationship, the main processes and attributes on which the supply of specific ES depend were pointed out. Relationships between UC, ES, NBS, processes, and attributes were represented in the form of network diagrams. Our results can be used to support urban policies aimed at mainstreaming NBS and as a basis to further understand UC-ES-NBS relationships.

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  • The most prominent societal challenge facing NbS is how to center justice and make inclusive planning for NbS a standard practice given limited participatory urban planning and governance.

    “The most prominent societal challenge facing NbS is how to center justice and make inclusive planning for NbS a standard practice given limited participatory urban planning and governance (23, 24, 26, 32, 44–53).”

    From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

    Section 4.3 says that addressing socio-spatial equity requires considering which groups are included in NbS planning, design and implementation. It also recommends early citizen involvement to address decision-making problems. The paper does not identify justice and inclusive planning as the most prominent societal challenge, establish that inclusive planning must become standard practice, or document a general lack of participatory planning. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • There is strong evidence on the positive public health outcomes from engaging with nature and biodiversity and from living near urban green spaces in cities.

    “There is strong evidence on the positive public health outcomes from engaging with nature and biodiversity and from living near urban green spaces in cities (44, 47, 56–62).”

    From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]

    The Results & Discussion link characteristics of living systems that enable health-promoting activities to the mitigation of physical and mental health issues. The paper also lists proximity among factors relevant to those activities, but these passages do not establish positive health outcomes specifically from engaging with biodiversity or from living near urban green spaces. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Babí Almenar, J., Elliot, T., Rugani, B., Philippe, B., Navarrete Gutierrez, T., Sonnemann, G., & Geneletti, D.
Affiliations
  • University of Lisbon (PT)
  • Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LU)
  • Université de Bordeaux (FR)
  • University of Trento (IT)
ORCID
Venue
Land Use Policy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-01
Volume
100
Pages
104898
ISSN
0264-8377 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104898
OpenAlex
W3042728397
Cited by
378
References
89
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 2
FWCI
15.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Land Use Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Horizon 2020 (730468)
  • Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg (C16/SR/11311935)
  • Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (L. 232/2016)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
Keywords
nature-based solutions, ecosystem services, urban problems, urban resilience, urban planning, causal relationship, nexus analysis, ecosystem service provision, urban policy, network diagrams

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