Cultivating sustainable and healthy cities: A systematic literature review of the outcomes of urban and peri-urban agriculture
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Despite considerable interest in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in recent decades, its contributions to urban sustainability and human wellbeing remain contested. This systematic literature review examines the geographical landscape of the peer-reviewed literature on UPA and assesses its reported outcomes on sustainability and wellbeing. Following systematic review protocols, we undertook a two-step literature screening and quality assessment process. From a total of 4029 articles, based inclusion-exclusion criteria, we filtered 320 articles for quantitative and 86 for qualitative assessment. Quantitative analysis confirmed an exponential increase in literature on UPA since 2015 and a regional bias towards the Global North. The qualitative analysis identified six thematic outcomes of UPA under three sustainability pillars - environmental sustainability; material well-being; labour and livelihoods; land tenure and urban planning; and food and nutritional security as part of economic sustainability; and subjective and relational wellbeing as well as gender and social differentiation as elements of social sustainability. Environmental sustainability was most discussed, followed by subjective wellbeing and food and nutritional security. Gender and social differentiation issues were least represented in the papers. There remain knowledge gaps around how urban policy and planning can recognise, leverage, and scale up the sustainability and wellbeing co-benefits of UPA.
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NbS is widely framed as an umbrella concept that brings together disparate but related research and applications.
“NbS is widely framed as an umbrella concept that brings together disparate but related research and applications of urban forestry, green and blue infrastructure, urban agriculture, ecosystem services, ecosystem-based adaptation and disaster risk reduction, and sustainable urban water drainage systems (5, 22, 23).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
Section 3.2.1 says urban and peri-urban agriculture is increasingly discussed as a nature-based solution, and the Introduction describes it as a green-infrastructure option. The paper does not establish that NbS is widely framed as an umbrella concept bringing together the full range of fields and applications listed in the citing sentence. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPositive benefits of NbS on human well-being from engaging with gardening and urban agriculture and employing NbS to lower health risks and vulnerabilities are supported.
“This is further supported by positive benefits of NbS on human well-being (47, 63) from engaging with gardening and urban agriculture in general (22, 63) and employing NbS to lower health risks and vulnerabilities (30).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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Revi, A. (2017) · Urbanisation · doi:10.1177/2455747117740438 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Xie, M., Li, M., Li, Z., et al. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12124967 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mancini, M. C., Arfini, F., Antonioli, F., et al. (2021) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments8070061 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Assessment of social–ecological transitions in a peri-urban Ethiopian farming community
Gilioli, G., Tikubet, G., Herren, H. R., & Baumgärtner, J. (2014) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2014.954452 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Modus Operandi of Urban Agriculture Initiatives
Prové, C., Kemper, D., & Loudiyi, S. (2018) · Nature and Culture · doi:10.3167/nc.2018.130102 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Håkansson, I. (2021) · Local Environment · doi:10.1080/13549839.2021.1916900 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Urban agriculture, dietary diversity and child health in a sample of Tanzanian town folk
Wagner, N., & Tasciotti, L. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d études du développement · doi:10.1080/02255189.2017.1375902 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Delpino-Chamy, M., Alarcon, M., Fernández, S. C., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics · doi:10.2495/dne-v14-n2-119-130 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mntambo, B. D. (2017) · UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Delpino-Chamy, M., Alarcon, M., Fernández, S., & Soto, J. (2019). Methodology to identify and assess agroecological practices in metropolitan areas. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 14(2). www.witpress.com/author s/submit-a-journal-paper.
- Mancebo, Francois, & Certomà, C. (2019). Planning Urban Futures: Addressing the Sustainability-Justice Nexus in the Light of Urban Agriculture. Urban climate politics. agency and empowerment (pp. 135-151). Cambridge University Press. http://hdl. handle.net/2318/1791284.
- Patil, S., Dhanya, B., Vanjari, R. S., & Purushothaman, S. (2018). Urbanisation and new agroecologies: The story of Bengaluru's peripheries. Economic and Political Weekly, 53(41), 71-77.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions
McPhearson, T., Frantzeskaki, N., Ossola, A., Diep, L., Anderson, P. M. L., Blatch, T., Collier, M. J., Cook, E. M., Culwick Fatti, C., Grabowski, Z. J., et al. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2315910121 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…) show that even though the review of review findings provided strong evidence for synthesized key challenges ( SI Appendix , Table S1 ), actions to tackle them require regional insights to ensure fit - for - context methods, approaches, and strategies to advance the knowledge and science of NbS.”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rao, N., Patil, S., Singh, C., Roy, P., Pryor, C., Poonacha, P., & Genes, M.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Azim Premji University (IN)
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IN)
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IN)
- Ardhi University (TZ)
- Corresponding author
- Rao, Nitya
- Venue
- Sustainable Cities and Society
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-10
- Volume
- 85
- Pages
- 104063
- ISSN
- 2210-6707 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4285404735
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainable Cities and Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- British Academy
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Urban Agriculture and Sustainability
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Innovations in Aquaponics and Hydroponics Systems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Keywords
- urban and peri-urban agriculture, urban sustainability, human well-being, environmental sustainability, food and nutrition security, land tenure, urban planning, subjective well-being, urban policy, knowledge gaps
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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