Organizations as complex adaptive systems: Implications of Complexity Theory for leadership research

Schneider, Marguerite; Somers, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.006

Cited by 599Chaos, Complexity, and EducationLeadership and Management in OrganizationsComplex Systems and Decision Making

Organizations as complex adaptive systems: Implications of Complexity Theory for leadership research

Schneider, Marguerite, Somers, Mark·2006·The Leadership Quarterly

DOI 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.006

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.006

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The second position views sustainability as a concurrent process alongside implementation, where sustainability is a process to be influenced and adapted to impact initiative longevity.
“The second views sustainability concurrent process alongside implementation, where sustainability is a process to be influenced and adapted to impact initiative longevity [71-73].”
From Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [71]

Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Barney, J. (1991) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639101700108 · Cited by 48,334 · see citing works
Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage
Barney, J. B. (2004) · Advances in strategic management · doi:10.1016/s0742-3322(00)17018-4 · Cited by 38,159 · see citing works
Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
March, J. G. (1991) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2.1.71 · Cited by 21,942 · see citing works
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,401 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Organizations.
Hackman, J. R., Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2989929 · Cited by 12,243 · see citing works
Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment
Benford, R. D., & Snow, D. A. (2000) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611 · Cited by 9,953 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2000) · University of Maribor digital library (University of Maribor) · Cited by 9,354 · see citing works
Social Identity Theory and the Organization
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4278999 · Cited by 7,978 · see citing works
The Modern Corporation and Private Property
Kline, J. V., Berle, A. A., & Means, G. C. (1933) · Columbia Law Review · doi:10.2307/1115736 · Cited by 7,496 · see citing works
Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory
McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1977) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/226464 · Cited by 7,381 · see citing works
The origins of order; self organization and selection in evolution
Kauffman, S. A. (1994) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(94)90119-8 · Cited by 6,753 · see citing works
Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks
Ripley, B. D. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812651 · Cited by 6,446 · see citing works
An evolutionary theory of economic change
Winter, & Sidney, G. (1982) · Cited by 6,343 · see citing works
Organizational Images and Member Identification
Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393235 · Cited by 4,915 · see citing works
The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-Paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations
Brown, S. L., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (1997) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393807 · Cited by 4,285 · see citing works
Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution
Bartlett, C. A., & Ghoshal, S. (2009) · doi:10.1007/978-1-137-28787-8_25 · Cited by 4,096 · see citing works
Organization Theory and Design
Daft, R. L. (1983) · Cited by 3,773 · see citing works
An evolutionary theory of economic change
Wright, G. (1982) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/0160-791x(82)90007-0 · Cited by 3,207 · see citing works
KEEPING AN EYE ON THE MIRROR: IMAGE AND IDENTITY IN ORGANIZATIONAL ADAPTATION.
Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. (1991) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256405 · Cited by 2,931 · see citing works
At home in the universe: the search for laws of self-organization and complexity
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-3294 · Cited by 2,862 · see citing works
Emergence From Chaos to Order
Holland, J. H. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198504092.001.0001 · Cited by 2,497 · see citing works
General Systems Theory—The Skeleton of Science
Boulding, K. E. (1956) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.2.3.197 · Cited by 2,333 · see citing works
Perspective: Complexity Theory and Organization Science
Anderson, P. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.216 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works
Beyond the two disciplines of scientific psychology.
Cronbach, L. J. (1975) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0076829 · Cited by 2,097 · see citing works
Handbook of leadership;: A survey of theory and research
Stogdill, R. M. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,816 · see citing works
Identity, Image, and Issue Interpretation: Sensemaking During Strategic Change in Academia
Gioia, D. A., & Thomas, J. B. (1996) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393936 · Cited by 1,786 · see citing works
Shared Leadership: Reframing the Hows and Whys of Leadership
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452229539 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Organizational Identity, Image, and Adaptive Instability
Gioia, D. A., Schultz, M., & Corley, K. G. (2000) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791603 · Cited by 1,731 · see citing works
To Be or Not to Be?: Central Questions in Organizational Identification
Pratt, M. G. (1998) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231495.n6 · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works
A Stakeholder Approach to Organizational Identity
Scott, S. G., & Lane, V. R. (2000) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791602 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Emergence as a Construct: History and Issues
Goldstein, J. A. (1999) · Emergence · doi:10.1207/s15327000em0101_4 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1992) · Cited by 1,133 · see citing works
The dominant logic: Retrospective and extension
Bettis, R. A., & Prahalad, C. K. (1995) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250160104 · Cited by 1,127 · see citing works
The structure of organizations
Bott, F., Coleman, A., Coleman, A., & Rowland, D. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781482268324-9 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
The Dynamics of Organizational Identity
Hatch, M. J., & Schultz, M. (2002) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726702055008181 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
Leading Workers to Lead Themselves: The External Leadership of Self- Managing Work Teams
Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (1987) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392745 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Organizational Identity and Identification: Charting New Waters and Building New Bridges
Albert, S. M., Ashforth, B. E., & Dutton, J. E. (2000) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791600 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
New social movements: from ideology to identity
(1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-3600 · Cited by 1,029 · see citing works
Strategy or identity: New theoretical paradigms and contemporary social movements
Cohen, J., Cohen, J. L., Cohen, J., Cohen, J. L., Cohen, L. I., & Cohen, B. L. (1985) · Social Research: An International Quarterly · Cited by 1,003 · see citing works
The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex
Gell‐Mann, M., & Mermin, D. (1994) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2808634 · Cited by 929 · see citing works
The Quark and the Jaguar: adventures in the simple and the complex
Mann, G. (1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-0997 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks
Fulkerson, B., & Ripley, B. D. (1997) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270922 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Strategic leadership research
Boal, K. B., & Hooijberg, R. (2000) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00057-6 · Cited by 825 · see citing works
A Study of Spirituality in the Workplace
Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999) · Sloan management review · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Leadership in complex organizations
Marion, R., & Uhl‐Bien, M. (2001) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(01)00092-3 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Managing across borders: The transnational solution
(1990) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(90)90162-w · Cited by 787 · see citing works
The dominant logic: retrospective and extension
(1995) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/0024-6301(95)91621-0 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Toward a contextual theory of leadership
Osborn, R. N., Hunt, J. G., & Jauch, L. R. (2002) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00154-6 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
General System Theory: Applications for Organization and Management.
Kast, F. E., & Rosenzweig, J. E. (1972) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255141 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
The end of certainty
Prigogine, I. (1997) · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Perspectives on Organization Design and Behavior.
Appleton, L. M., de Ven, A. H. V., & Joyce, W. F. (1983) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2067510 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks
Fulkerson, B. (1997) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1997.10485099 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Social Comparisons in Boundary-Spanning Work: Effects of Community Outreach on Members' Organizational Identity and Identification
Bartel, C. A. (2001) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3094869 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Leadership: A New Synthesis
Hunt, J. G. (1991) · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Landscape Design: Designing for Local Action in Complex Worlds
Levinthal, D. A., & Warglien, M. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.342 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
FROM CHIMNEYS TO CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TEAMS: DEVELOPING AND VALIDATING A DIAGNOSTIC MODEL.
Denison, D. R., Hart, S. L., & Kahn, J. A. (1996) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256721 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Avoiding Complexity Catastrophe in Coevolutionary Pockets: Strategies for Rugged Landscapes
McKelvey, B. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.294 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
The Modern Corporation and Private Property
Babeau, A., Berle, A. A., Means, G. C., & Babeau, A. (1969) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3500200 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Antichaos and Adaptation
Kauffman, S. A. (1991) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0891-78 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
From complexity to perplexity
Horgan, J. (1995) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0695-104 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Explaining Complex Organizational Dynamics
Dooley, K. J., & de Ven, A. H. V. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.358 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
All Those Years Ago: The Historical Underpinnings of Shared Leadership
Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452229539.n1 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
From Individual to Organizational Identity
Gioia, D. A. (1998) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231495.n2 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Through the Looking Glass of Complexity: The Dynamics of Organizations as Adaptive and Evolving Systems
Morel, B., & Ramanujam, R. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.278 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Persistence and loose coupling in living systems
Glassman, R. B. (1973) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830180202 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Emergent complex systems
Funtowicz, S. O., & Ravetz, J. R. (1994) · Futures · doi:10.1016/0016-3287(94)90029-9 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Community Gardens: Lessons Learned From California Healthy Cities and Communities
Twiss, J. M., Dickinson, J., Duma, S., Kleinman, T., Paulsen, H., & Rilveria, L. (2003) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.93.9.1435 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Surfing the Edge of Chaos
Pascale, R. T. (2006) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446213704.n18 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
New Organizational Forms and Strategies for Managing in Hypercompetitive Environments
Ilinitch, A. Y., D'Aveni, R. A., & Lewin, A. Y. (1996) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.7.3.211 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
A General Theory of Bureaucracy
Jaques, E. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 307 · see citing works
New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity.
Wilson, J., Laraña, E., Johnson, H., & Gusfield, J. R. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580476 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Identities, grievances, and new social movements.
Johnston, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Lectures In The Sciences Of Complexity
Stein, D. (1989) · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Leadership and the New Science
McGregor, S. L. T. (2004) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2004.00378.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Leadership: A new synthesis
Jermier, J. M. (1991) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/1048-9843(91)90014-s · Cited by 250 · see citing works
A Stakeholder Model of Organizational Leadership
Schneider, M. (2002) · Organ. Sci. · doi:10.1287/orsc.13.2.209.531 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citation
Why Study the Complexity Sciences in the Social Sciences?
Mathews, K. M., White, M. C., & Long, R. G. (1999) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679905200402 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A General Theory of Bureaucracy
Lautman, J., & Jaques, E. (1977) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3501068 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The Identity of Organizations
Bouchikhi, H., Fiol, C. M., Gioia, D. A., Golden‐Biddle, K., Hatch, M. J., Rao, H., Rindova, V., Schultz, M., Fombrun, C. J., Kimberly, J. R., et al. (1998) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231495.n3 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Leadership déjà vu all over again
Hunt, J. G., & Dodge, G. E. (2000) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(00)00058-8 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Path Dependence, Competition, and Succession in the Dynamics of Scientific Revolution
Sterman, J. D., & Wittenberg, J. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.322 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Leadership in Education: Organizational Theory for the Practitioner
Marion, R. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City
Smith, C. M., & Kurtz, H. E. (2003) · Geographical Review · doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2003.tb00029.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Chaos, complexity, and sociology : myths, models, and theories
Eve, R. A., Horsfall, S. T., & Lee, M. E. (1997) · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Social Movements as Catalysts for Policy Change: The Case of Smoking and Guns
Nathanson, C. A. (1999) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-24-3-421 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Escaping the Identity Trap
Bouchikhi, H., & Kimberly, J. R. (2003) · Hispana · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Dynamics of charismatic leadership: a process theory, simulation model, and tests
Jacobsen, C., & House, R. J. (2001) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/s1048-9843(01)00065-0 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Strategy content and the research process: A critique and commentary
Montgomery, C. A., Wernerfelt, B., & Balakrishnan, S. (1989) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250100208 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Computational modeling of behavior in organizations: The third scientific discipline.
Coovert, M. D., & Dorsey, D. W. (2000) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-000 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Towards a 'Movement Society'? On the possibilities of institutionalizing social movements
Rucht, D., & Neidhardt, F. (2002) · Social movement studies · doi:10.1080/14742830120118873 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Selecting Repertoires of Action in Environmental Movement Organizations
Carmin, J., & Balser, D. B. (2002) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/1086026602238167 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Leading at the Edge: How Leaders Influence Complex Systems
Regine, B., & Lewin, R. A. (2000) · Emergence · doi:10.1207/s15327000em0202_02 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The Story of the Queen Anne Memorial Garden: Resisting a Dominant Cultural Narrative
Glover, T. D. (2003) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2003.11949990 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Even Newer Social Movements? Anti-Corporate Protests, Capitalist Crises and the Remoralization of Society
Crossley, N. (2003) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508403010002006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Dark Side of the New Organizational Forms: An Editorial Essay
Victor, B. I., & Stephens, C. U. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.4.479 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Commentary on theOrganization ScienceSpecial Issue on Complexity
Cohen, M. (1999) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.10.3.373 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The edge of chaos
Normore, A. H. (2004) · Journal of Educational Administration · doi:10.1108/09578230410517477 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Organizational identity
Wæraas, A. (2023) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781800374249.ch52 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Chaos, Order, and Sociological Theoy*
Baker, P. L. (1993) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.1993.tb00300.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Reflections on processual research
Hinings, C. R. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/s0956-5221(97)00023-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Organizational Identity within the Strategic Management Conversation: Contributions and Assumptions
Stimpert, J. L. “., Gustafson, L. T., & Sarason, Y. A. (1998) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452231495.n4 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Application of two neural network paradigms to the study of voluntary employee turnover.
Somers, M. J. (1999) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.2.177 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Thinking differently: Assessing nonlinearities in the relationship between work attitudes and job performance using a Bayesian neural network
Somers, M. J. (2001) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317901167226 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Structure of organizations
Bolton, W. T. (1994) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-2197-7.50005-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Evolution of Organizations: Suggestions from Complexity Theory About the Interplay Between Natural Selection and Adaptation
White, M. C., Marin, D. B., Brazeal, D. V., & Friedman, W. H. (1997) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872679705001103 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Beliefs and fears and Type A behavior: implications for academic performance and psychiatric health disorder symptoms
Lee, C., Jamieson, L. F., & Earley, P. C. (1996) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(199603)17:2 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Introduction to computational modeling in organizations: The good that modeling does.
Hulin, C. L., & Ilgen, D. R. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
2. Simulating the Micro-Macro Link: New Approaches to an Old Problem and an Application to Military Coups
Saam, N. J. (1999) · Sociological Methodology · doi:10.1111/0081-1750.00060 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self‐organization: The irresistible future of organizing
Wheatley, M. J., & Kellner‐Rogers, M. (1996) · Strategy and Leadership · doi:10.1108/eb054560 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pressures to uniformity and the evolution of cultural norms: Modeling dynamic social impact.
Latané, B. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Longitudinal Organizational Research and the Third Scientific Discipline
Hunt, J. G., & Ropo, A. (2003) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601102250803 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-Organizing Leadership: A Way of Seeing What Is Happening in Organizations and a Pathway to Coherence
Knowles, R. N. (2001) · Emergence · doi:10.1207/s15327000em0304_8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Managing complexity in organizations
Garud, R. B., Karnøe, P., & Garcia, E. (1999) · Cited by 27 · see citing works
General Systems Theory: An Inquiry into Its Social Philosophy.
Peery, N. S. (1972) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/255144 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Organizational adaptation in volatile environments.
Carley, K. M. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The impact of organizational interventions on behaviors: An examination of models of withdrawal.
Hanisch, K. A. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Examining the fit between empirical data and theoretical simulations.
Munson, L. J., & Hulin, C. L. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10375-004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

5 of the 123 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era
Uhl‐Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2007) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.002 · Cited by 2,410 · see citing works
Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives
Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., & Hu, J. (2014) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study
Tukamuhabwa, B. R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J. S., & Zorzini, M. (2015) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2015.1037934 · Cited by 1,379 · see citing works
“Adaptation and coevolution (Choi, Dooley, and Rungtusanatham 2001; Schneider and Somers 2006; Pathak et al.2007; Wycisk, McKelvey, and Hülsmann 2008; Day 2014) The CAS agents change so as to cope with changes in other agents and its environment through self-organisation.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Considering the energy, water and food nexus: towards an integrated modelling approach
Bazilian, M., Rogner, H., Howells, M., Hermann, S., Arent, D., Gielen, D., Steduto, P., Mueller, A., Komor, P., Tol, R. S. J., et al. (2011) · Energy Policy · doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.09.039 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
“29 See e.g., Kostlan (1988), Manson (2001), Mikulecky (2001), Nooteboom (2007), O’Sullivan (2009), Ramos-Martin (2003), Schneider and Somers (2006) and Vasileiadou and Safarzynska (2010).”
Background
Leadership for organizational adaptability: A theoretical synthesis and integrative framework
Uhl‐Bien, M., & Arena, M. J. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.009 · Cited by 871 · see citing works
“…Mehra, Smith, Dixon, and Robertson, 2006; White, Currie, and Lockett, 2014, 2016), complexity (Lichtenstein and Plowman, 2009; Plowman et al., 2007; Schneider and Somers, 2006; Uhl-Bien et al., 2007), innovation (Carmeli, Gelbard, and Gefen, 2010; Howell and Boies, 2004; Makri and Scandura, 2010;…”
Dynamic capabilities as (workable) management systems theory
Teece, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2017.75 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
“This gap has been partially bridged by the growing interest of management scholars in complex systems, which combine elements of chaos theory with a systems theory approach (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Direction, alignment, commitment: Toward a more integrative ontology of leadership
Drath, W. H., McCauley, C. D., Palus, C. J., Velsor, E. V., O'Connor, P. M. G., & McGuire, J. B. (2008) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.09.003 · Cited by 616 · see citing works
“Another approach that is pushing the tripod ontology beyond its limits is the application of complexity science to leadership theory (Lichtenstein et al., 2006; Marion & Uhl-Bien, 2001; Schneider & Somers, 2006; Uhl-Bien, Marion, & McKelvey, 2007).”
Background
The Formation and Value of IT-Enabled Resources: Antecedents and Consequences of Synergistic Relationships1
Nevo, S., & Wade, M. R. (2010) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/20721419 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Complexity leadership in bureaucratic forms of organizing: A meso model
Uhl‐Bien, M., & Marion, R. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.04.007 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
“It engages with CAS dynamics to produce emergence (Goldstein, 2007; Lichtenstein & Plowman, 2009-this issue), new ideas, innovation, adaptability, and change within organizations (e.g., Plowman et al., 2007; Plowman et al., 2007; Chiles et al., 2004; Hazy, 2008; Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in business and management research: A contemporary overview
Kumar, S., Sahoo, S., Lim, W. M., Kraus, S., & Bamel, U. K. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121599 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare
Lennox, L., Maher, L., & Reed, J. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-017-0707-4 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
“The second views sustainability concurrent process alongside implementation, where sustainability is a process to be influenced and adapted to impact initiative longevity [71-73].”
Background
Reputation Management as a Motivation for Sales Structure Decisions
Weiss, A. M., Anderson, E., & MacInnis, D. J. (1999) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1251975 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Fit-for-purpose governance: A framework to make adaptive governance operational
Rijke, J., Brown, R. R., Zevenbergen, C., Ashley, R., Farrelly, M. A., Morison, P., & van Herk, S. (2012) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.010 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Complexity Theory: An Overview with Potential Applications for the Social Sciences
Turner, J. R., & Baker, R. M. (2019) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems7010004 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
“The basic tenets of complexity theory are non-linear dynamics, chaos theory, and adaptation/evolution [15]; others include emergence, self-organization, feedback, and chaos [21].”
Background
People analytics—A scoping review of conceptual boundaries and value propositions
Tursunbayeva, A., Di Lauro, S., & Pagliari, C. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.08.002 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
“Although most organisational theorists and leaders now recognise organisations as complex adaptive socio-technical systems (Schneider & Somers, 2006) interest in using data analytics and visualisation tools to render this complexity into a more comprehensible and actionable forms is growing…”
Background
The complexity of wicked problems in large scale change
Waddock, S. A., Meszoely, G., Waddell, S., & Dentoni, D. (2015) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/jocm-08-2014-0146 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The Challenge and Promise of Complexity Theory for Teacher Education Research
Cochran‐Smith, M., Ell, F. R., Ludlow, L. H., Grudnoff, L., & Aitken, G. (2014) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811411600407 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“…collaborations, student teaching supervision, and mentoring relationships have all been regarded as complex systems (e.g., Clarke & Erickson, 2009; Davis, Sumara, & D’Amour, 2012; Nielson, Triggs, Clarke, & Collins, 2010; Opfer & Pedder, 2011; Radford, 2006; Schneider & Somers, 2006; Waks, 2011).”
Background
Configuring transformative governance to enhance resilient urban water systems
Rijke, J., Farrelly, M. A., Brown, R. R., & Zevenbergen, C. (2012) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2012.09.012 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
A General framework for studying the evolution of the digital innovation ecosystem: The case of big data
Chae, B. K. (2018) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.023 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Leader Ethical Decision-Making in Organizations: Strategies for Sensemaking
Thiel, C. E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L. N., Johnson, J. F., & Mumford, M. D. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1299-1 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Given that contemporary organizations are defined by less structure and are generally more fluid and transitional (Barkema et al. 2002; Schneider and Somers 2006; Uhl-Bien et al. 2007), current leaders may be more prone to unethical behavior because they face ethical dilemmas that are simply more…”
Background
Mobilizing leadership in cities and regions
Beer, A., & Clower, T. L. (2013) · Regional Studies Regional Science · doi:10.1080/21681376.2013.869428 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Community, Culture and Sustainability in Multilevel Dynamic Systems Intervention Science
Schensul, J. J. (2009) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-009-9228-x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Complexity theory frames eco-social systems as consisting of multiple intersecting components and agents in constant interaction and ongoing problem solving and change (Houchin and MacLean 2005; Nowotny 2005a; Schneider and Somers 2006; Weidlich 2005; Winder 2007).”
Background
Evaluating organizational-level work stress interventions: Beyond traditional methods
Cox, T., Karanika‐Murray, M., Griffiths, A., & Houdmont, J. (2007) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370701760757 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“It may be best described in terms of complex adaptive systems (Dooley, 1997; Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Complexity theory and leadership practice: A review, a critique, and some recommendations
Rosenhead, J., Franco, L. A., Grint, K., & Friedland, B. (2019) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.07.002 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Dossier : « À propos des relations natures/sociétés » − The shift toward social-ecological systems perspectives: insights into the human-nature relationship
Schoon, M., & van der LEEUW, S. (2015) · Natures Sciences Sociétés · doi:10.1051/nss/2015034 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“Colander, 2000), organization and management science (Schneider and Somers, 2006; Dooley, 1997; Choi et al., 2001), engineering and the social sciences (e.”
Putting emergence back in leadership emergence: A dynamic, multilevel, process-oriented framework
Acton, B. P., Foti, R. J., Lord, R. G., & Gladfelter, J. A. (2018) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.002 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Complexity Theory, School Leadership and Management: Questions for Theory and Practice
Morrison, K. (2010) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143209359711 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“Such a view of CT is a post-modern phenomenon (Cilliers, 1998; Schneider and Somers, 2006: 353); it perhaps could not have come to the fore at an earlier historical conjuncture.”
Background
Culture and leadership in Africa: a conceptual model and research agenda
Kuada, J. (2010) · African Journal of Economic and Management Studies · doi:10.1108/20400701011028130 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Complexity theory of leadership focuses on the idea that leadership is part of a dynamic and evolving pattern of behaviours and complex interactions among various organizational players, producing power structures and networks of relationships (Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
Background
An investigation of champion-driven leadership processes
Taylor, A., Cocklin, C., Brown, R. R., & Wilson‐Evered, E. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.014 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Organization: A new focus on mine safety improvement in a complex operational and business environment
Komljenovic, D., Loiselle, G., & Kumral, M. (2017) · International Journal of Mining Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmst.2017.05.006 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Temporary Competitive Advantage: A State‐of‐the‐Art Literature Review and Research Directions
Dagnino, G. B., Picone, P. M., & Ferrigno, G. (2020) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12242 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Emerging Risk Management in Industry 4.0: An Approach to Improve Organizational and Human Performance in the Complex Systems
Brocal, F., González, C., Komljenović, D., Katina, P. F., & Pérez, M. Á. S. (2019) · Complexity · doi:10.1155/2019/2089763 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Some research works propose the framework of complexity leadership theory which may help getting a better human and organizational performance [79, 80].”
Background
Exploring the remote work challenges in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: review and application model
Arunprasad, P., Dey, C., Jebli, F., Arunmozhi, M., & Hathat, Z. E. (2022) · Benchmarking An International Journal · doi:10.1108/bij-07-2021-0421 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Complex adaptive systems: a new approach for understanding health practices
Gomersall, T. (2018) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1488603 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“…markets (Mandelbrot, 1999), the immune system (Holland, 1992), insect colonies (Wilson, 1971), and social systems such as businesses (Dooley, 1997; Schneider & Somers, 2006), healthcare organisations (Plsek & Greenhalgh, 2001), and schools (Keshavarz, Nutbeam, Rowling, & Khavarpour, 2010).”
Background
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Model Nonlinearity
Somers, M. J., & Casal, J. C. (2008) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428107309326 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“results is unclear; however, it has been suggested that domain areas such as strategy (Bettis & Prahalad, 1995), managerial perceptions (Starbuck & Mezias, 1996), leadership ( Schneider & Somers, 2006 ), and work attitudes (Somers, 1999, 2001) might be advanced with nonlinear models and nonlinear methods.”
Self-citation
Investigating the effect of horizontal coopetition on supply chain resilience in complex and turbulent environments
Massari, G. F., & Giannoccaro, I. (2021) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108150 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Disaster resilience and complex adaptive systems theory
Coetzee, C., van Niekerk, D., & Raju, E. (2016) · Disaster Prevention and Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/dpm-07-2015-0153 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Do complexity-informed health interventions work? A scoping review
Brainard, J. S., & Hunter, P. R. (2015) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0492-5 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“These include the phrases (each citation indicates distinctions from applications using complexity science) “systems change” [20], “complex interventions” [6], “systems science” [21] and “quality improvement” [22].”
Background
Complexity Leadership: A Theorical Perspective
BALTACI, A., & Balcı, A. (2017) · International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management · doi:10.17583/ijelm.2017.2435 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Hospitals as complex adaptive systems: A case study of factors influencing priority setting practices at the hospital level in Kenya
Barasa, E., Molyneux, S. C., English, M., & Cleary, S. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.026 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“…complex interactions among factors and agents within the hospital subsystem, and between the hospitals and the larger health system in which they are embedded, and the unpredictability of actions consistent with CAS theory (Ellis et al., 2011; Health Foundation, 2010; Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
Background
Beyond smart systems adoption: Enabling diffusion and assimilation of smartness in hospitality
Stylos, N. D., Fotiadis, A., Shin, D., & Huan, T.-C. T. C. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103042 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Enabling adaptive system leadership
Boylan, M. (2016) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143216628531 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“, 2007) as well as in social movements (Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Deepening system leadership
Boylan, M. (2013) · Educational Management Administration & Leadership · doi:10.1177/1741143213501314 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Although leadership in such movements is often emergent, to be effective it requires support of formal organizational structures that can confer legitimacy (Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
Influential
Emerging Practices in Leadership Development
Ardichvili, A. A., & Manderscheid, S. V. (2008) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1523422308321718 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A simplified framework for 21st century leader development
O'Connell, P. K. (2013) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.06.001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Systems Theory and Thinking as a Foundational Theory in Human Resource Development—A Myth or Reality?
Yawson, R. M. (2012) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484312461634 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Transformative governance of innovation ecosystems
Коннола, Т., Eloranta, V., Turunen, T., & Salo, A. A. (2021) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121106 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Self-similarity is evidenced in the physical world in fractals such as fern leaves and broccoli, which are geometric spaces in which the parts exhibit the quality of the entity’s whole (Schneider and Somers, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Leader cognition: Improving leader performance through causal analysis
Marcy, R. T., & Mumford, M. D. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.001 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Improving Working Conditions to Promote Worker Safety, Health, and Wellbeing for Low-Wage Workers: The Workplace Organizational Health Study
Sorensen, G., Peters, S. E., Nielsen, K. M., Nagler, E. M., Karapanos, M., Wallace, L. M., Burke, L., Dennerlein, J. T., & Wagner, G. R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16081449 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“This setting illustrates the complex nature of these relationships [99,100].”
Background
A possible conceptualization of the information systems ( IS ) artifact: A general systems theory perspective1
Chatterjee, S., Sarker, S., Lee, M. J., Xiao, X., & Elbanna, A. R. (2020) · Information Systems Journal · doi:10.1111/isj.12320 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Indeed, there are commonalities between GST and CT (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Adaptive governance: learning from what organizations do and managing the role they play
Assche, K. V., Valentinov, V., & Verschraegen, G. (2021) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-11-2020-0759 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The role of blockchain technology in the integration of sustainability practices across multi-tier supply networks: implications and potential complexities
Najjar, M., Alsurakji, I. H., El‐Qanni, A., & Nour, A. I. (2022) · Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment · doi:10.1080/20430795.2022.2030663 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“First, firms can alter or reduce the number of partners and their interconnectedness (Li et al. 2010; Pathak et al. 2007; Schneider and Somers 2006; Mitleton-Kelly 2003; Choi, Dooley, and Rungtusanatham 2001), which will eventually reduce management and coordination efforts to control the supply…”
Background
Systems Theory
Lai, C., & Lin, S. (2017) · The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication · doi:10.1002/9781118955567.wbieoc203 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Socially sustainable work organizations: A chaordic systems approach
Kira, M., & van Eijnatten, F. M. (2008) · Systems Research and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/sres.896 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
‘Physicians to a dying planet’: Helen Caldicott, Randall Forsberg, and the anti-nuclear weapons movement of the early 1980s
Redekop, B. W. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.01.007 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The implications of complexity for humanitarian logistics: a complex adaptive systems perspective
Schiffling, S., Hannibal, C., Tickle, M., & Fan, Y. (2020) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-020-03658-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Managing schools as complex adaptive systems: A strategic perspective
Fidan, T. (2017) · lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education · doi:10.26822/iejee.2017131883 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“The “Butterfly Effect” has shown that initial conditions could have unique effects on nonlinear systems (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Inter-leadership: Why and How Should We Think of Leadership and Followership Integrally?
Kuepers, W. M., & Weibler, J. (2008) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715008095190 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…variables at various system levels and the evolution of the system over time) or artificial neural networks (using pattern recognition algorithms) (Schneider & Somers, 2006) or dynamic network analysis methodology (combining techniques of social network analysis with multi-agent simulations)…”
Method
The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths&;#x02010;Based Approaches at Work
Oades, L. G., Steger, M. F., Delle Fave, A., & Passmore, J. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118977620 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The profile of innovation driven Italian SMEs and the relationship between the firms’ networking abilities and dynamic capabilities
Vrontis, D., Basile, G., Andreano, M. S., Mazzitelli, A., & Papasolomou, I. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.009 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Complexity Leadership Theory: Shifting Leadership from the Industrial Age to the Knowledge Era
Uhl‐Bien, M., Marion, R., & McKelvey, B. (2011) · Issues in business ethics · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9014-0_8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Social Media Use and the Challenge of Complexity: Evidence from the Technology Sector
Martín‐Rojas, R., Morales, V. J. G., Garrido‐Moreno, A., & Salmador-Sánchez, M. P. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.026 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Hotel CSR and job satisfaction: A chaordic perspective
Farmaki, A., Pappas, N. V., Kvasova, O., & Stergiou, D. P. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104526 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
When Complexity Theory Meets Critical Realism: A Platform for Research on Initial Teacher Education.
Cochran‐Smith, M., Ell, F. R., Grudnoff, L., Ludlow, L. H., Haigh, M. A., & Hill, M. (2014) · Teacher education quarterly (Claremont, Calif.) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The Effects of Leadership Styles on Team Motivation
Alrahbi, D., Khalid, K., & Khan, M. (2017) · Academy of strategic management journal/Academy of Strategic Management journal · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Macromarketing and the Systems Imperative
Wooliscroft, B. (2020) · Journal of Macromarketing · doi:10.1177/0276146720980521 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…Kahn (1966) most consideration of marketing systems has used Dynamic Open Complex Adaptive Systems (DOCAS) (Akaka, Vargo, and Lusch 2013; Basile and Dominici 2016; Basile, Kaufmann, and Savastano 2018; Holbrook 2003; Samli 2006; Schneider and Somers 2006; Vargo et al. 2017; Wollin and Perry 2004).”
Background
Managing complexity via the Competing Values Framework
Tong, Y. K., & Arvey, R. D. (2015) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-04-2014-0029 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
An Ecosystems Perspective on International Human Resource Development: A Meta-Synthesis of the Literature
Garavan, T. N., McCarthy, A. M., & Carbery, R. (2019) · Human Resource Development Review · doi:10.1177/1534484319828865 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Supply chain security certification and operational performance: The role of upstream complexity
Tong, X., Lai, K., Lo, C. K. Y., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2022) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108433 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Quantitative characterization of chaordic tourist destination
Olmedo, E., & de Cabo, R. M. (2014) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.09.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Communication and sustainability science teams as complex systems
McGreavy, B., Lindenfeld, L., Bieluch, K. H., Silka, L., Leahy, J. E., & Zoellick, B. (2015) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-06644-200102 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Flock Leadership: Understanding and influencing emergent collective behavior
Will, T. E. (2016) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.01.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Some studies describe leadership efforts to achieve continuous, incremental change by maintaining an ongoing balance between order and disorder dynamics (Lichtenstein, Uhl-Bien, Marion, Seers, Orton, & Schreiber, 2006; Marion & Uhl-Bien, 2001; Schneider & Somers, 2006; Uhl-Bien et al., 2007).”
Background
Path dependence in Operational Research—How the modeling process can influence the results
Hämäläinen, R., & Lahtinen, T. J. (2016) · Operations Research Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.orp.2016.03.001 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Path dependence is a concept which has been widely used in different areas including economics [1, 2, 3], policy studies [4, 5], ecology [6, 7], complex adaptive systems [8, 9], sociology [10, 11, 12], political science [13], and organizational decision making [14].”
Background
Effectual Networks as Complex Adaptive Systems: Exploring Dynamic and Structural Factors of Emergence
Galkina, T., & Atkova, I. (2019) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258719879670 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“An attractor structures nonrandom behavior into a system, as behavioral patterns emerge within the basin of attraction (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluential
Chaos, Complexity, and Contingency Theories: A Comparative Analysis and Application to the 21st Century Organization
Lartey, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Business Administration Research · doi:10.5430/jbar.v9n1p44 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“As such, they are also subject to the sensitivity of their initial condition, which makes the evolution of the systems difficult to predict (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Improving Manufacturing Performance by Standardization of Interprocess Communication
Villalba-Díez, J., & Ordieres-Meré, J. B. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management · doi:10.1109/tem.2015.2424156 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“However, these understandings of PDCA do not consider the fact that organizations are complex adaptive systems [43], and their ever-increasing structural, func-”
Background
Relationship building in virtual teams: A leadership behavioral complexity perspective
Jawadi, N., Daassi, M., Favier, M., & Kalika, M. (2013) · Human Systems Management · doi:10.3233/hsm-130791 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Table 1 Leaders’”
A Comprehensive review and Communication research agenda of the Contextualized Workgroup: The Evolution and Future of Leader-Member Exchange, Coworker Exchange, and Team-Member Exchange
Omilion‐Hodges, L. M., Ptacek, J. K., & Zerilli, D. H. (2016) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2015.11735265 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“It has long been asserted that organizations are complex and adaptive systems, in part due to the high interdependence of leadership and contextual factors (Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
The management of global multi-tier sustainable supply chains: a complexity theory perspective
Najjar, M., & Yasin, M. M. (2021) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2021.1990432 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“These practices seek to reshape the supply chain, as illustrated in Figure 3, in an attempt to reduce entropy and increase the predictability of suppliers (Pathak et al. 2007; Serdarasan 2013) while promoting the social sustainability aspects across lower-tier supply chain members.”
BackgroundInfluential
Toward a Dynamic Description of the Attributes of Organizational Change
Maes, G., & Hootegem, G. V. (2011) · Research in organizational change and development · doi:10.1108/s0897-3016(2011)0000019009 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sustaining school improvement initiatives: advice from educational leaders
Koh, G. A., Askell‐Williams, H., & Barr, S. (2023) · School Effectiveness and School Improvement · doi:10.1080/09243453.2023.2190130 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“School leaders drive change (Bennett et al., 2007; Fullan, 2006; Gaikhorst et al., 2017; Groo-tenboer et al., 2019; Hargreaves & Fink, 2006; Harris et al., 2019; Hitt & Tucker, 2016; Schneider & Somers, 2006; Stoll & Kools, 2017).”
The Global Moral Compass for Business Leaders
Thompson, L. J. (2010) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0624-9 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The structural continuity of traditional cultures is sometimes interpreted as rigid and unchanging, but as scholars from diverse disciplines have demonstrated, creative interpretation and adaptation of a tradition keeps it alive as people reinterpret and negotiate the meaning of their wisdom traditions (Geertz, 1983;…”
Background
A Systematic Literature Review of Intersectional Leadership in the Workplace: The Landscape and Framework for Future Leadership Research and Practice to Challenge Interlocking Systems of Oppression
Sim, E., & Bierema, L. L. (2024) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/15480518241292214 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…(DeRue, 2011), which values the dynamic and ﬂ uid leading-following process moving from the one-directional, de-contextualized, individualistic leadership development, and leadership emerging in complex adaptive systems (Schneider & Somers, 2006; Uhl-Bien & Arena, 2018; Uhl-Bien et al., 2007).”
Airport Business Excellence Model: A holistic performance management system
Paraschi, E. P., Γεωργόπουλος, Α., & Kaldis, P. (2019) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2018.12.014 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Corporate identity orientation and disorientation: A complexity theory perspective
Devereux, L., Melewar, T. C., Dinnie, K., & Lange, T. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.048 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
What Governs District Manager Decision Making? A Case Study of Complex Leadership in Dangme West District, Ghana
Kwamie, A., Agyepong, I. A., & van Dijk, H. (2015) · Health Systems & Reform · doi:10.1080/23288604.2015.1032475 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Leadership, Gender, and Organization
Gremmen, C. C. M., Benschop, Y., Werhane, P. H., & Painter‐Morland, M. (2011) · Issues in business ethics · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9014-0 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Post‐merger integration and change processes from a complexity perspective
Lauser, B. (2010) · Baltic Journal of Management · doi:10.1108/17465261011016531 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Applying Agile Project Management to Predevelopment Stages of Innovation
Gonzalez, W. (2014) · International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management · doi:10.1142/s0219877014500205 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The architecture of managerial leadership: Stimulation and channeling of organizational emergence
Hunt, J. G., Osborn, R. N., & Boal, K. B. (2009) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.04.010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Froma complexity perspective, the context is the corporation as it operates near the edge of chaos (theboundary betweenorder anddisorder) where there is a repertoire of responses that keep systems both on balance and off balance (McDaniel, 1997; Schneider & Somers, 2006).”
Background
Leveraging people analytics for an adaptive complex talent management system
Saling, K. C., & Do, M. D. (2020) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.02.269 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The HOSHIN KANRI TREE. Cross-plant Lean Shopfloor Management
Villalba-Díez, J., Ordieres-Meré, J. B., & Nuber, G. (2015) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.120 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Applying Bayesian networks to performance forecast of innovation projects: A case study of transformational leadership influence in organizations oriented by projects
de Oliveira, M. A., Possamai, O., Valentina, L. V. O. D., & Flesch, C. A. (2011) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.11.033 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“According to Schneider and Somers (2006) the reasons why AI tools are under utilized in leadership studies are the low awareness among management scholars and confusion about their use.”
Background
Promoting learning and innovation in organizations through complexity leadership theory
Mendes, M., Gomes, C., Marques‐Quinteiro, P., Lind, P. G., & Curral, L. A. (2016) · Team Performance Management · doi:10.1108/tpm-02-2016-0004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Inclusive organizations: developmental reciprocity through authentic leader-employee relationships
Moore, J., Maxey, E. C., Waite, A. M., & Wendover, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-05-2019-0211 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Complex Systems in Economics and Where to Find Them
Gomes, O., & Gubareva, M. (2020) · Journal of Systems Science and Complexity · doi:10.1007/s11424-020-9149-1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Design of a weighted and informed NK model for intellectual capital-based innovation planning
Fan, I. Y. H., & Lee, R. W. B. (2012) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.083 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Although business organizations have been understood as organic systems for a long time, systemic research in the management field deploying system theory and complexity theory (Caldart & Oliverira, 2007; McElroy, 2002; Schneider & Somers, 2006) are only recent.”
Background
Resilience Engineering: An Integrative Review of Fundamental Concepts and Directions for Future Research in Safety Management
Pillay, M. (2017) · Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology · doi:10.4236/ojsst.2017.74012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Leadership, levels of analysis, and déjà vu: Modest proposals for taxonomy and cladistics coupled with replication and visualization
Markham, S. E. (2010) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Conceptualisations of Leadership and Relevance to Health and Human Service Workforce Development: A Scoping Review
Fennell, K. L. (2021) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s329628 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Authors: Schneider, M., & Somers, M.
Affiliations: New Jersey Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Schneider, Marguerite
ORCID: Somers, Mark
Venue: The Leadership Quarterly
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 351-365
ISSN: 1048-9843 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.04.006
OpenAlex: W2156313615
Cited by: 599
References: 123
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 10.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The Leadership Quarterly (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Chaos, Complexity, and Education
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Complex Systems and Decision Making
Keywords: complex adaptive systems, complexity theory, leadership, general systems theory, organizational identity, social movements, leadership process, dynamic system simulation, artificial neural networks, nonlinear models, organizational change

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Organizations as complex adaptive systems: Implications of Complexity Theory for leadership research

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks