Development and sexual dimorphism of the pituitary gland
Open accessAbstract
The pituitary gland plays a central role in sexual development and brain function. Therefore, we examined the effect of age and gender on pituitary volume in a large sample of healthy children and adults. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted in one hundred and fifty four (77 males and 77 females) healthy participants. Males were between the ages of 7 to 35 years (16.91+/-5.89 years) and females were 7 to 35 years of age (16.75+/-5.75 years). Subjects were divided into subgroups of age (7 to 9, 10 to 13, 14 to 17, 18 to 21, 22 and older) and sex (male/female). Pituitary gland volume differed between sexes when comparing the age groups (F=3.55, df=2, 143, p=0.03). Females demonstrated larger pituitary glands than males in the age 14 to 17 year old groups (p=0.04). Young (19 years and under) and old (20 years and older) females demonstrated a correlation between pituitary volume and age. Males did not show this relationship. These findings provide additional evidence for gender differences in the normative anatomy of the pituitary and may have relevance for the study of various childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders in which pituitary dysfunction has been implicated.
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The higher sweat cortisol concentration in females versus males may be attributed to the larger pituitary gland volume in females as the primary regulatory organ of cortisol.
“Except for the forehead, in both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, sweat cortisol concentration is higher in females versus males, which may be attributed to the larger pituitary gland volume in females as the primary regulatory organ of cortisol.[ 22 ]”
From MicroSweat: A wearable microfluidic patch for noninvasive and reliable sweat collection enables human stress monitoring (2023) · cites this paper as [22]
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Mjesto stanovanja prediktor spolnog dimorfizma nekih motoričkih sposobnosti u primarnoj edukaciji
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MRI atlas of the pituitary gland in young female adults
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Sex vs Gender: A Biological Location for Gender, not Sex.Preprint
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Altered pubertal timing in 7q11.23 copy number variations and associated genetic mechanisms
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Automated Segmentation of the Pituitary and Pineal Glands
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- Authors
- MacMaster, F. P., Keshavan, M., Mirza, Y., Carrey, N., Upadhyaya, A. R., El-Sheikh, R., Buhagiar, C. J., Taormina, S. P., Boyd, C., Lynch, M., Rose, M., Ivey, J., Moore, G. J., & Rosenberg, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Wayne State University (US)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenberg, David R.
- Venue
- Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 940-944
- ISSN
- 0024-3205 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1853319
- OpenAlex
- W2065075734
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K24MH02037, R01 MH 59299, R01MH65122, K24MH002037, R01MH065122, R01MH059299)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- pituitary gland, pituitary volume, sexual dimorphism, sex differences, age differences, pituitary dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aging, Child, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Pituitary Gland, Sex Characteristics
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