Comparison of Colorimetric Analyses to Determine Cortisol in Human Sweat
Open accessAbstract
Colorimetric analysis, which relies on a chemical reaction to facilitate a change in visible color, is a great strategy for detecting cortisol, which is necessary to diagnose and manage the wide variety of diseases related to the hormone, because it is simple in design, inexpensive, and reliable as a standard cortisol analysis technique. In this study, four different colorimetric cortisol analyses that use various chromogens, which include sulfuric acid, Porter–Silber reagent, Prussian blue, and blue tetrazolium, are studied. Modifications to the classic Porter–Silber method are made by increasing the carbon content of the alcohol and adding gold nanoparticles, which result in a twofold increase in reaction rate and a slight decrease in the limit of detection (LoD). After a comparison of the reaction rate, LoD, dynamic range, characteristic peaks, and color stability of all methods, blue tetrazolium demonstrates a low LoD (97 ng/mL), broad dynamic range (0.05–2 μg/mL), and quick reaction rate (color development as fast as 10 min), which are well within the requirements for human biofluids. Cortisol in artificial saliva and sweat and in human sweat was determined while confirming that no excipients or other biomarkers interfered with the reactions. Twenty-one human sweat samples were tested using blue tetrazolium and revealed a significant difference between male and female apocrine cortisol concentrations and showed a highly significant difference between apocrine and eccrine cortisol concentrations. Colorimetric methods of cortisol can compete with existing electrochemical sensors because of their similar accuracy and detection range in certain wearable biosensor applications. The simplicity of colorimetric methods advances potential applications in skin-interfaced bio-electronics and point-of-care devices.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Average cortisol concentrations in the apocrine areas are larger than in the eccrine areas.
“This agrees with the findings by Tu. et al.[ 24 ] and Pearlmutter et al.[ 6e ] who concluded that the average cortisol concentrations in the apocrine areas are larger than in the eccrine areas.”
From MicroSweat: A wearable microfluidic patch for noninvasive and reliable sweat collection enables human stress monitoring (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
The greater stress an individual experiences over a certain period, the higher the basal cortisol concentration generated in the body.
“The greater stress an individual experiences over a certain period, the higher the basal cortisol concentration generated in the body.[ 24 ]”
From MicroSweat: A wearable microfluidic patch for noninvasive and reliable sweat collection enables human stress monitoring (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis
Gao, W., Emaminejad, S., Nyein, H. Y. Y., Challa, S., Chen, K., Peck, A., Fahad, H. M., Ota, H., Shiraki, H., Kiriya, D., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16521 · Cited by 5,087 · see citing works
Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
de Kloet, E. R., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1683 · Cited by 4,621 · see citing works
A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat
Koh, A., Kang, D., Xue, Y., Lee, S., Pielak, R. M., Kim, J., Hwang, T., Min, S., Banks, A., Bastien, P., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2593 · Cited by 1,308 · see citing works
Self-citationThe brain and the stress axis: the neural correlates of cortisol regulation in response to stress
Dedovic, K., Duchesne, A., Andrews, J., Engert, V., & Pruessner, J. C. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.074 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Salivary cortisol: a better measure of adrenal cortical function than serum cortisol
Vining, R. F., McGinley, R. A., Maksvytis, J. J., & Ho, K. Y. (1983) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456328302000601 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Parlak, O., Keene, S. T., Marais, A., Curto, V. F., & Salleo, A. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar2904 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Phillips, D. I. W., Barker, D. J. P., Fall, C. H. D., Seckl, J. R., Whorwood, C. B., Wood, P. J., & Walker, B. R. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.3.4634 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
A QUANTITATIVE COLOR REACTION FOR CORTISONE AND RELATED 17,21-DIHYDROXY-20-KETOSTEROIDS
Porter, C. C., & SILBER, R. H. (1950) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)56408-5 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Adhesive RFID Sensor Patch for Monitoring of Sweat Electrolytes
Rose, D. P., Ratterman, M. E., Griffin, D. K., Hou, L., Kelley-Loughnane, N., Naik, R. R., Hagen, J. A., Papautsky, I., & Heikenfeld, J. C. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2014.2369991 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Choi, J., Bandodkar, A. J., Reeder, J. T., Ray, T. R., Turnquist, A., Kim, S. B., Nyberg, N., Hourlier-Fargette, A., Model, J. B., Aranyosi, A. J., et al. (2019) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.8b01218 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Metal-Polydopamine Framework: An Innovative Signal-Generation Tag for Colorimetric Immunoassay
Ren, R., Cai, G., Yu, Z., Zeng, Y., & Tang, D. (2018) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03538 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Recent advances in cortisol sensing technologies for point-of-care application
Kaushik, A., Vasudev, A., Arya, S. K., Pasha, S. K., & Bhansali, S. (2014) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.060 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
A wearable electrochemical sensor for the real-time measurement of sweat sodium concentration
Schazmann, B., Morris, D., Slater, C., Beirne, S., Fay, C., Reuveny, R., Moyna, N., & Diamond, D. (2010) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/b9ay00184k · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Zimmermann, W. (1935) · Hoppe-Seyler´s Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie · doi:10.1515/bchm2.1935.233.5-6.257 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Guo, H., Kim, S. B., Wu, Y., Ostojich, D., Park, S. H., Wang, X. S., Weng, Z., Li, R., Bandodkar, A. J., et al. (2019) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c9lc00103d · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Gao, Z., Deng, K., Wang, X., Miró, M., & Tang, D. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am505342r · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The Important Role of Hydroxyl on Oxidation Catalysis by Gold Nanoparticles
Ide, M. S., & Davis, R. J. (2013) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar4001907 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Magnetic Bead-Based Reverse Colorimetric Immunoassay Strategy for Sensing Biomolecules
Gao, Z., Xu, M., Hou, L., Chen, G., & Tang, D. (2013) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac401433p · Cited by 220 · see citing works
CHANGES IN CORTISOL METABOLISM FOLLOWING RIFAMPICIN THERAPY
Om, E., GALLEY, J. M., Courtenay-Evans, R. J., Hunter, J. O., & Tait, A. D. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91876-5 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
The Detection of Cortisol in Human Sweat
Russell, E., Koren, G., Rieder, M. J., & Uum, S. H. M. V. (2013) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0b013e31829daa0a · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Soft Wearable Systems for Colorimetric and Electrochemical Analysis of Biofluids
Ghaffari, R., Choi, J., Raj, M. S., Chen, S., Lee, S. P., Reeder, J. T., Aranyosi, A. J., Leech, A., Li, W., Schon, S., et al. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201907269 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Recent Progress in Optical Biosensors Based on Smartphone Platforms
Geng, Z., Zhang, X., Fan, Z., Lv, X., Su, Y., & Chen, H. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17112449 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Flexible nanoporous tunable electrical double layer biosensors for sweat diagnostics
Munje, R. D., Muthukumar, S., Panneer Selvam, A., & Prasad, S. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep14586 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Sulfuric Acid-Induced Fluorescence of Corticosteroids
Sweat, M. L. (1954) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60088a057 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Determination of 17,21‐Dihydroxy‐20‐Ketosteroids in Urine and Plasma
SILBER, R. H., & Porter, C. C. (1957) · Methods of biochemical analysis · doi:10.1002/9780470110201.ch4 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Gao, Z., Tang, D., Tang, D., Nießner, R., & Knopp, D. (2015) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03008 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Body-Interfaced Chemical Sensors for Noninvasive Monitoring and Analysis of Biofluids
Zhao, J., Guo, H., Li, J., Bandodkar, A. J., & Rogers, J. A. (2019) · Trends in Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2019.07.001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Kim, S. B., Koo, J., Yoon, J., Hourlier‐Fargette, A., Lee, B.-R., Chen, S., Jo, S., Choi, J., Oh, Y. S., Lee, G., et al. (2019) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/c9lc01045a · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Electrochemical Sensing of Cortisol: A Recent Update
Singh, A., Kaushik, A. K., Kumar, R., Nair, M. G., & Bhansali, S. (2014) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-014-0894-2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Kim, K. S., Ryeol, L. S., Kim, S., Lee, J. Y., Chung, C., Choe, W., & Yoo, P. J. (2016) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.135 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Development and sexual dimorphism of the pituitary gland
MacMaster, F. P., Keshavan, M., Mirza, Y., Carrey, N., Upadhyaya, A. R., El-Sheikh, R., Buhagiar, C. J., Taormina, S. P., Boyd, C., Lynch, M., et al. (2007) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.11.040 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Microfluidic immunosensor for rapid and highly-sensitive salivary cortisol quantification
Pinto, V. C., Sousa, P. J., Catarino, S. O., Correia‐Neves, M., & Minas, G. M. H. (2016) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.067 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Cortisol, Cushing's Syndrome, and a Shrinking Brain--New Evidence for Reversibility
McEwen, B. S. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.5.9999 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Fluorescence Reactions of Steroids
Goldzieher, J. W., Bodenchuk, J. M., & Nolan, P. (1952) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38500-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chromogenic and fluorogenic reactions of adrenocortical and other steroids in concentrated acids
Kalant, H. (1958) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0690079 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The use of tetramethylammonium hydroxide in the Zimmermann reaction
James, V. H. T., & Jong, M. D. (1961) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.14.4.425 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Morita, H., Isomura, Y., Mune, T., Daido, H., Takami, R., Yamakita, N., Ishizuka, T., Takeda, N., Yasuda, K., & Gómez-Sánchez, C. E. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.06.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Clark, I. (1955) · Nature · doi:10.1038/175123a0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Fluorescence Reactions of Steroids
Goldzieher, J. W., Bodenchuk, J. M., & Nolan, P. (1954) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60089a015 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effect of Solvent on Tetrazolium Reaction
Graham, R., BIEHL, E. R., & Kenner, C. T. (1976) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600650723 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Singh, D. K., & Verma, R. (2008) · Iranian journal of pharmacology & therapeutics · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lewbart, M. L., & Mattox, V. R. (1964) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jo01026a001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide promotes eccrine gland sweat secretion
Sasaki, S., Watanabe, J., Ohtaki, H., Matsumoto, M., Murai, N., Nakamachi, T., Hannibal, J., Fahrenkrug, J., Hashimoto, H., Watanabe, H., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.14885 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Analysis of Steroids in Mixtures Using the Kinetics of Blue Tetrazolium Reduction
Guttman, D. E. (1966) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600550910 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Photoacoustic spectra of prussian blue and photochemical reaction of ferric ferricyanide
Ozeki, T., Matsumoto, K., & HIKIME, S. (1984) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac00278a041 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Rapid Blue Tetrazolium Procedure for Analysis of Corticosteroids in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Graham, R., BIEHL, E. R., & Kenner, C. T. (1978) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600670616 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kinetics and Mechanism of Blue Tétrazolium Reaction with Corticosteroids
Oteiza, R. M., Wooten, R. S., Kenner, C. T., Graham, R., & Biehl, E. R. (1977) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600661008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Furuya, E., GRAEF, V., & NISHIKAZE, O. (1978) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(78)90157-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
17-hydroxycorticosteroids in urine
Simon, M. L., & Babich-Armstrong, M. (1980) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(80)90235-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Isolation of Urinary 17-Ketosteroid Conjugates by Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation
Pinkus, G. S., & Pinkus, J. L. (1971) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/17.1.37 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities for wearable biochemical sensors for sweat analysis
Ghaffari, R., Rogers, J. A., & Ray, T. R. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.129447 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics
Ghaffari, R., Yang, D. S., Kim, J., Mansour, A., Wright, J. A., Model, J. B., Wright, D. E., Rogers, J. A., & Ray, T. R. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c01133 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Yeasmin, S., Wu, B., Liu, Y., Ullah, A., & Cheng, L.-J. “. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114142 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Mei, X., Yang, J., Yu, X., Peng, Z., Zhang, G., & Li, Y. (2023) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2023.133451 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sweat and saliva cortisol response to stress and nutrition factors
Pearlmutter, P., Derose, G., Samson, C., Linehan, N., Cen, Y., Begdache, L., Won, D., & Koh, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75871-3 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationWearable and Implantable Cortisol‐Sensing Electronics for Stress Monitoring
Ok, J., Park, S., Jung, Y. H., & Kim, T. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202211595 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Cortisol in-fiber ultrasensitive plasmonic immunosensing
Leitão, C., Pereira, S. O., Alberto, N., Lobry, M., Loyez, M., Costa, F. M., Pinto, J. L., Caucheteur, C., & Marques, C. (2020) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3025456 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Liu, H., Qin, W., Li, X., Feng, L., Gu, C., Chen, J., Tian, Z., Chen, J., Yang, M., Qiao, H., et al. (2023) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01715 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Chen, H., Cai, S., Luo, J., Liu, X., Ou, L., Zhang, Q., Liedberg, B., & Wang, Y. (2024) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2024.117654 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Portable and wearable real-time stress monitoring: A critical review
Parlak, O. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators Reports · doi:10.1016/j.snr.2021.100036 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kim, H. S., Kim, H. J., Lee, J., Lee, T., Yun, J., Lee, G., & Hong, Y. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02496 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nan, M., Darmawan, B. A., Go, G., Zheng, S., Lee, J., Kim, S., Lee, T., Choi, E., Park, J., & Bang, D. (2023) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios13020184 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Shajari, S., Salahandish, R., Zare, A., Hassani, M., Moossavi, S., Munro, E., Rashid, R., Rosenegger, D., Bains, J. S., & Sanati Nezhad, A. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202204171 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Pandit, P., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., Punyadeera, C., & Pandey, A. K. (2024) · Materials Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ma00937h · Cited by 57 · see citing works
El‐Naggar, M. E., Ali, O. A. A., Saleh, D. I., Abu-Saied, M. A., & Khattab, T. A. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.049 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dong, Y., Liu, T., Chen, S., Nithianandam, P., Matar, K., & Li, J. (2022) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202210136 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges
Ornelas‐González, A., Ortiz‐Martínez, M., González‐González, M., & Rito‐Palomares, M. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26227026 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Recent advances in aptamer-based platforms for cortisol hormone monitoring
Mohammadi, F., Zahraee, H., Kazemi, M., Habibi, Z. S., Taghdisi, S. M., Abnous, K., Khoshbin, Z., & Chen, C. (2023) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mohammad-Andashti, P., Ramezani, Z., Zare-Shahabadi, V., & Torabi, P. (2022) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129048 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A microfluidic patch for wireless wearable electrochemical detection of sweat metabolites
Hu, M., Wang, Z., Zhang, L., Lin, S., & Liao, J. (2024) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2024.136604 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Cortisol sensing by optical sensors
Santonocito, R., Puglisi, R., Cavallaro, A., Pappalardo, A., & Sfrazzetto, G. T. (2023) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d3an01801f · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Multi-parameter photoelectric data fitting for microfluidic sweat colorimetric analysis
Shi, H., Cao, Y., Xie, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhang, C., & Chen, Z. (2022) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2022.132644 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Santonocito, R., Cavallaro, A., Pappalardo, A., Puglisi, R., Marano, A., Andolina, M., Tuccitto, N., & Sfrazzetto, G. T. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116986 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Greyling, C. F., Ganguly, A., Sardesai, A. U., Churcher, N. K. M., Lin, K., Muthukumar, S., & Prasad, S. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1912 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pei, X. M., Ghandehari, A., Chakoma, S. M., Rajendran, J., Negrete, J. A. T., & Esfandyarpour, R. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-67747-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rezapoor-Fashtali, Z., Ganjali, M. R., & Faridbod, F. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12090720 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Duarah, R., Torné‐Morató, H., Zhang, G., Amin, Y., Pabast, M., Sharma, N., He, S., Das, M. R., & Pompa, P. P. (2026) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202504419 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Recent developments in wearable & non-wearable point-of-care biosensors for cortisol detection
Kaur, S., Gupta, N., & Malhotra, B. D. (2023) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2023.2184260 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Taran, O. V., Solovyova, N. V., & Kostenko, V. О. (2022) · Fìzìologìčnij žurnal · doi:10.15407/fz68.03.035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Shao, Z., Chen, H., Wang, Q., Kang, G., Jiang, J., Wang, X., Li, W., Liu, Y., & Zheng, G. (2022) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3199406 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cortisol Detection Methods for Stress Monitoring: Current Insight and Future Prospect: A Review
Wankhade, U., Thakare, Y., Hardas, B. M., & Pande, R. S. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3404399 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Recent Advance in Cortisol Immunosensing Technologies and Devices
Zhang, Y., Lai, Q., Chen, W., Zhang, C., Mo, L., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Chemosensors · doi:10.3390/chemosensors11020090 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Panfilova, E. V. (2021) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios11050146 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Li, Y., Yan, Z., Li, X., Yin, X., & Li, K. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26206213 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Electrochemical Biosensors by Means of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) Cortisol Recognition
Nampeng, J., Vongmanee, N., Pintavirooj, C., Chiu, W., & Visitsattapongse, S. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17040545 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Electrochemical biosensing of cortisol in a hormone tablet and artificial bodily fluids
Olgaç, N., Karakuş, E., Şahin, Y., & Liv, L. (2022) · Diamond and Related Materials · doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109622 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Enzyme-free immunoassay for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of C-reactive protein
Munusamy, S., Zheng, H., Jahani, R., Zhou, S., Chen, J., Kong, J., & Guan, X. (2024) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-024-05598-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Shen, Z., Su, W., Wu, H., Gopinath, S. C. B., & Chen, R. (2020) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.012 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ahmed, T., Powner, M. B., Qassem, M., & Kyriacou, P. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69466-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, H., Nie, Q., Lin, L., You, R., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Lu, Y., Yan, Z., & Yan, Z. (2025) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128977 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Karaman, C., Aydemir, M., & Karaman, O. (2026) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2026.118687 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Immunosensor for Assessing the Welfare of Trainee Guide Dogs
Perkins, H., Higgins, M., Marcato, M., Galvin, P., & Teixeira, S. R. (2021) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios11090327 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Smartphone‐Based Sensing of Cortisol by Functionalized Rhodamine Probes
Santonocito, R., Cavallaro, A., Puglisi, R., Pappalardo, A., Tuccitto, N., Petroselli, M., & Sfrazzetto, G. T. (2024) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202401201 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guimarães, A., Guimarães, A. T. B., de Brito, R. R., Gomes, A. R., Freitas, Í. N., Rodrigues, A. S. D. L., Santiago, O. C., da Luz, T. M., de Matos, L. P., de Oliveira, R. F., et al. (2025) · Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00244-025-01120-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Lee, S.-J., & Cho, W.-J. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15030134 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Recent Advances on Rapid Detection Methods of Steroid Hormones in Animal Origin Foods
Xue, Y., Li, J., Ma, M., Fu, P., Qian, S., Han, C., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios15040216 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring
Brazaca, L. C., Lozano, A. M., Mayol, B., Scheidt, D. T., Fazio, D. D., Kim, E., Maroli, G., Rosati, G., Ates, H. C., Wang, H., et al. (2026) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.6c04520 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
All Silica Micro-Fluidic Flow Injection Sensor System for Colorimetric Chemical Sensing
Budinski, V., & Đonlagić, D. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21124082 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chandhana, J. P., Navaneeth, P., Suneesh, P. V., & Babu, T. G. S. (2024) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2024.112344 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ahmed, T., Powner, M. B., Qassem, M., & Kyriacou, P. A. (2024) · Sci · doi:10.3390/sci6020020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Non-invasive cortisol monitoring via a machine leaning-enabled smartphone liquid crystal aptasensor
Mostajabodavati, S., Mousavizadegan, M., Moghadam, F. M., Mohammadimasoudi, M., & Hosseini, M. (2025) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2025.113944 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cortisol Biosensors: From Sensing Principles to Applications
Tanaka, Y., Salleh, N. A. B. M., Aung, K. M. M., Su, X., & Sutarlie, L. (2023) · World Scientific Annual Review of Functional Materials · doi:10.1142/s2810922823300015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
da Luz, T. M., Guimarães, A. T. B., Silva, A. M., Santiago, O. C., Ragavendran, C., Govindarajan, M., & Malafaia, G. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.4c00876 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guimarães, A., de Oliveira, R. F., Guimarães, A. T. B., de Brito, R. R., Rodrigues, A. S. D. L., de Matos, L. P., da Luz, T. M., & Malafaia, G. (2025) · NanoImpact · doi:10.1016/j.impact.2025.100570 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ferjaoui, Z., Liu, J., Matuszewska, C., Chanéac, C., Viana, B., Bouzigues, C., Scherman, D., Mignet, N., & Richard, C. (2025) · Small Science · doi:10.1002/smsc.202500177 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Barichello, L. A. S., de Brito, R. R., Soares, W. R., Rodrigues, A. S. D. L., Gomes, A. R., Pádua, B. D. C., Mendes, B. D. O., Guimarães, A., Ferreira, R. D. O., da Luz, T. M., et al. (2025) · Neurotoxicology and Teratology · doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2025.107547 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A yarn/fabric-based microfluidic patch for sweat sensing and monitoring
Wenze, Y., Li, Q., Zhao, Z., Gong, J., Li, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Journal of the Textile Institute · doi:10.1080/00405000.2023.2288357 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Askar, C. B., Cmager, N., Altay, R., & Araci, I. E. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24134207 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ramos-Reyes, G. M., Corona‐Avendaño, S., Ramírez-Silva, M. T., Romero-Romo, M., & Palomar-Pardavé, M. (2024) · Journal of Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1007/s10812-024-01709-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mirka, B., Ding, J., & Lapointe, F. (2025) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.5c02527 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ryabushko, R., Kostenko, H., Akimov, O. Y., & Kostenko, V. О. (2025) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.3390/pathophysiology32040067 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A mini review on materials used for the colorimetric detection of corticosteroids
Sefid-Sefidehkhan, Y., Jouyban, A., Khoshkam, M., Amiri, M., & Rahimpour, E. (2022) · Chemical Papers · doi:10.1007/s11696-022-02233-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Influence of multitasking-induced mental workload on electrodermal activity and human cortisol
Pidech, J., Neubert, M. S., & Chuchuen, O. (2023) · Biomedical Engineering International Conference · doi:10.1109/bmeicon60347.2023.10322001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Utilizing Smartphone as Colorimetric Sensor in Detecting Stress Level
Kurniawan, E. D., Zakiyudin, R. D., Manurung, R. V., Setiarini, A., Setia, Y. D., & Prini, S. U. (2022) · International Conference on Radar, Antenna, Microwave, Electronics, and Telecommunications (ICRAMET) · doi:10.1109/icramet56917.2022.9991198 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Research progress in wearable optical sweat sensors
Chen, Z., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Zhong, X., Qin, L., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Scientia Sinica Chimica · doi:10.1360/ssc-2024-0014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Determination of Cortisol Hormone from Sweat Samples and Interpretation with Microcontroller
Çapan, M. E., Çapan, E. C., ÖNCEL, H. U., & Arıcan, E. (2024) · Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.17798/bitlisfen.1470481 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fanjara, E., Arneberg, R., Kvalheim, O. M., Cao, Y., Aas, G. K. F. H., Kristinová, V., Sæbø, A., & Stene, A. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c10562 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Portable Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Sensing of Cortisol in Artificial Saliva
Wankhade, U., Khan, D., Mahule, K., Patle, M. A., Ambadkar, M. A., Wele, I., Kalambe, J. P., & Pande, R. S. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Letters · doi:10.1109/lsens.2025.3645422 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Systems toxicology of naturally aged polypropylene microplastics in zebrafish
Ferreira, R. D. O., Guimarães, A. T. B., Rodrigues, A. S. D. L., Guimarães, A., da Luz, T. M., & Malafaia, G. (2026) · NanoImpact · doi:10.1016/j.impact.2026.100626 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Taran, O. V., & Kostenko, V. O. (2022) · Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії · doi:10.31718/2077-1096.22.1.123 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Panfilova, E. V. (2021) · Saratov Fall Meeting: Optical and Nanotechnologies for Biology and Medicine (SFM) · doi:10.1117/12.2588468 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Detection of 16 kDa Protein from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Interdigitated Electrode
rani, S., & Gopinath, S. C. B. (2022) · Biomaterials and Biosensors · doi:10.58567/bab01010001
Transferring Metabolomics to Portable Diagnostic Devices: Trending in Biosensors
Eissa, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5162-8_15
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Targeting Stress Markers
Katiyar, D., & Manish (2024) · Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening · doi:10.2174/0113862073278547231210170007
Joshi, D. J., Malek, N. I., & Kailasa, S. K. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109048
Çapan, M. E., Çapan, E. C., ÖNCEL, H. U., Arıcan, E., & Bulut, F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4269783/v1
Gutnik, O. M., Kostenko, V. О., Сілкова, О. В., & Khmil, D. O. (2024) · Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis · doi:10.31450/ukrjnd.2(82).2024.08
Wang, H., Nie, Q., Lin, L., You, R., Ye, Z., Zhang, J., Lu, Y., Lin, Z., & Yan, Z. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5230438
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for On-Body Diagnostics
Jeerapan, I. (2025) · Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors · doi:10.1007/5346_2025_38
Çapan, M. E., Çapan, E. C., ÖNCEL, H. U., Arıcan, E., & Bulut, F. (2026) · Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences · doi:10.36306/konjes.1633932
Özalp, Ö., & Soylak, M. (2026) · Journal of the Indian Chemical Society · doi:10.1016/j.jics.2026.102651
Mykytenko, A. О., Pletnov, V., Pysarenko, A. О., Cherniavska, A. M., Balabanov, K. I., & Непорада, К. С. (2026) · The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal · doi:10.15407/ubj98.03.065
Рябушко, Р. М., Kostenko, H., & Kostenko, V. О. (2026) · Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії · doi:10.31718/2077-1096.26.2.169
Wankhade, U., Pande, R. S., Gechode, H. V., & Khan, D. A. (2026) · International Conference on Secure Cyber Computing and Communications (ICSCCC) · doi:10.1109/icsccc69031.2026.11599998
Malafaia, G., de Brito, R. R., Rodrigues, A. S. D. L., Santiago, O. C., Arias, A. H., & da Luz, T. M. (2026) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.70166
Manchan, W., Henry, C. S., Imyim, A., Jiang, J., Sukmas, W., & Rodthongkum, N. (2026) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2026.140910
Honchar, O. O. (2026) · Bulletin of Problems Biology and Medicine · doi:10.29254/2077-4214-2026-3-182-253-258
Honchar, O., Скрипник, І. М., & Akimov, O. Y. (2026) · Clinical and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.31612/2616-4868.7.2026.12
Esmaeili, C., Kuliček, J., Bařinková, M. Š., & Rezek, B. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.76203
Human Sweat Cortisol Versus Blood and Saliva: Quantitative Interpretation
Albanese, L. (2026) · Methods and Protocols · doi:10.3390/mps9060154
- Authors
- Tu, E., Pearlmutter, P., Tiangco, M., Derose, G., Begdache, L., & Koh, A.
- Affiliations
- Binghamton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koh, Ahyeon
- Venue
- ACS Omega
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-03-31
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 8211-8218
- ISSN
- 2470-1343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7161047
- OpenAlex
- W3015076834
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Omega (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Open Repository - Binghamton (Binghamton University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Air Force Research Laboratory (FA8650-18-2- 5402)
- Binghamton University (NA)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- cortisol, human sweat, colorimetric assay, Prussian blue, gold nanoparticles, apocrine sweat, eccrine sweat, detection limit, reaction rate, wearable biosensors, point-of-care devices
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
