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Water-loss dehydration and aging
Open accessAbstract
This review defines water-loss and salt-loss dehydration. For older people serum osmolality appears the most appropriate gold standard for diagnosis of water-loss dehydration, but clear signs of early dehydration have not been developed. In older adults, lower muscle mass, reduced kidney function, physical and cognitive disabilities, blunted thirst, and polypharmacy all increase dehydration risk. Cross-sectional studies suggest a water-loss dehydration prevalence of 20-30% in this population. Water-loss dehydration is associated with higher mortality, morbidity and disability in older people, but evidence is still needed that this relationship is causal. There are a variety of ways we may be able to help older people reduce their risk of dehydration by recognising that they are not drinking enough, and being helped to drink more. Strategies to increase fluid intake in residential care homes include identifying and overcoming individual and institutional barriers to drinking, such as being worried about not reaching the toilet in time, physical inability to make or to reach drinks, and reduced social drinking and drinking pleasure. Research needs are discussed, some of which will be addressed by the FP7-funded NU-AGE (New dietary strategies addressing the specific needs of elderly population for a healthy ageing in Europe) trial.
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“In older adults, renal function is often poor so that renal parameters no longer accurately signal low-intake dehydration (7,225,226).”
From ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Besides malnutrition, older persons are at increased risk of dehydration for various reasons, which is also related to serious health consequences (7,8).”
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“Memory problems may cause older adults to forget to drink and forget that they haven't drunk (7)(8)(9)252).”
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“The causes of low-intake dehydration in older adults appear to be varied and inter-related and have been examined in several non-systematic reviews (7,8,242).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hooper, L., Bunn, D., Jimoh, F. O., & Fairweather-Tait, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hooper, Lee
- Venue
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-03
- Volume
- 136-137
- Pages
- 50-58
- ISSN
- 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2152164967
- Cited by
- 283
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk
- Locations
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme (266486, NCT01754012)
- National Institute for Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Keywords
- serum osmolality, muscle mass, renal function, polypharmacy, fluid intake, care homes, healthy aging, morbidity and mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Clinical Trials as Topic, Dehydration, Diet, Drinking, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Reference Values, Risk, Self Care, Water, Prevalence, Symptom Assessment
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