Cited by 496Gut microbiota and healthDrug Transport and Resistance MechanismsCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

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Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease

Long, Sarah L., Gahan, Cormac G.M., Joyce, Susan A.·2017·Molecular Aspects of Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.002

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Abstract

Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and released into the intestine to aid the digestion of dietary lipids. The host enzymes that contribute to bile acid synthesis in the liver and the regulatory pathways that influence the composition of the total bile acid pool in the host have been well established. In addition, the gut microbiota provides unique contributions to the diversity of bile acids in the bile acid pool. Gut microbial enzymes contribute significantly to bile acid metabolism through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions to generate unconjugated bile acids and secondary bile acids. These microbial enzymes (which include bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and bile acid-inducible (BAI) enzymes) are essential for bile acid homeostasis in the host and represent a vital contribution of the gut microbiome to host health. Perturbation of the gut microbiota in disease states may therefore significantly influence bile acid signatures in the host, especially in the context of gastrointestinal or systemic disease. Given that bile acids are ligands for host cell receptors (including the FXR, TGR5 and Vitamin D Receptor) alterations to microbial enzymes and associated changes to bile acid signatures have significant consequences for the host. In this review we examine the contribution of microbial enzymes to the process of bile acid metabolism in the host and discuss the implications for microbe-host signalling in the context of C. difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease and other disease states.

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Authors: Long, S. L., Gahan, C. G. M., & Joyce, S. A.
Affiliations: University College Cork (IE)
Corresponding author: Gahan, Cormac G.M.
ORCID: Gahan, Cormac G.M.
Joyce, Susan A.
Venue: Molecular Aspects of Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-08
Volume: 56
Pages: 54-65
ISSN: 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.06.002
OpenAlex: W2626300127
Cited by: 495
References: 174
Citations by year: 2026: 42 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 10
FWCI: 3.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: APC Microbiome Institute (SFI/12/RC/2273)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: gut microbiota, bile acids, bile acid metabolism, bile salt hydrolase, deconjugation, dehydroxylation, secondary bile acids, bile acid homeostasis, farnesoid X receptor, TGR5, vitamin D receptor, Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel disease, gut-liver axis
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Amidohydrolases, Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Bile Acids and Salts, Biotransformation, Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous, Gene Expression Regulation, Homeostasis, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Liver, NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases, Clostridioides difficile, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Receptors, Calcitriol, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease

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