Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater as a function of salinity and temperature
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The attributes of the composite DIC pool depend upon the relative abundances of the DIC species; these relative abundances are determined primarily by the pH of the solution, and secondarily by the effects of salinity and temperature on the associated equilibrium constants K1 and K2.
“The attributes of the composite DIC pool depend upon the relative abundances of the DIC species. These relative abundances are determined primarily by the pH of the solution, and secondarily by the effects of salinity and temperature on the associated equilibrium constants K1 and K2, based on equations for the dissociation of carbonic acid (Millero et al., 2006).”
From Theoretical constraints on the effects of added cations on clumped, oxygen, and carbon isotope signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon species and minerals (2020) · cites this paper as Millero et al., 2006
Increased salinity lowers the maximum fractional abundance of HCO3- relative to the maximum abundances of the other two DIC species.
“Increased salinity also lowers the maximum fractional abundance of HCO3 - relative to the maximum abundances of the other two DIC species (Millero et al., 2006; Hill et al., 2014).”
From Theoretical constraints on the effects of added cations on clumped, oxygen, and carbon isotope signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon species and minerals (2020) · cites this paper as Millero et al., 2006
Increases in either salinity or temperature will shift the DIC crossover points to lower pH.
“Increases in either S or T will shift the DIC crossover points (i.e., where the abundances of 2 species are equal) to lower pH”
From Theoretical constraints on the effects of added cations on clumped, oxygen, and carbon isotope signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon species and minerals (2020) · cites this paper as Millero et al. (2006)
pH determines the dominant DIC species.
“pH determines the dominant DIC species.”
From Theoretical constraints on the effects of added cations on clumped, oxygen, and carbon isotope signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon species and minerals (2020) · cites this paper as Millero et al. (2006)
Salinity has a greater effect than temperature on shifting the DIC crossover points to lower pH.
“S has greater effect than T.”
From Theoretical constraints on the effects of added cations on clumped, oxygen, and carbon isotope signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon species and minerals (2020) · cites this paper as Millero et al. (2006)
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- Authors
- Millero, F. J., Graham, T. B., Huang, F., Bustos-Serrano, H., & Pierrot, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Millero, Frank J.
- Venue
- Marine Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 80-94
- ISSN
- 0304-4203 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049078437
- Cited by
- 695
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 9.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Filtration and Separation › Chemical and Physical Properties in Aqueous Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Keywords
- carbonic acid dissociation constants, seawater, salinity dependence, temperature dependence, second dissociation constant, carbonate system, pH scale, potentiometric titration, seawater chemistry, acid-base balance
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