Cited by 1,248Microplastics and Plastic PollutionOil Spill Detection and MitigationEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

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Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to emerged threat

Avio, Carlo Giacomo, Gorbi, Stefania, Regoli, Francesco·2017·Marine Environmental Research

DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.012

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Abstract

Plastic production has increased dramatically worldwide over the last 60 years and it is nowadays recognized as a serious threat to the marine environment. Plastic pollution is ubiquitous, but quantitative estimates on the global abundance and weight of floating plastics are still limited, particularly for the Southern Hemisphere and the more remote regions. Some large-scale convergence zones of plastic debris have been identified, but there is the urgency to standardize common methodologies to measure and quantify plastics in seawater and sediments. Investigations on temporal trends, geographical distribution and global cycle of plastics have management implications when defining the origin, possible drifting tracks and ecological consequences of such pollution. An elevated number of marine species is known to be affected by plastic contamination, and a more integrated ecological risk assessment of these materials has become a research priority. Beside entanglement and ingestion of macro debris by large vertebrates, microplastics are accumulated by planktonic and invertebrate organisms, being transferred along food chains. Negative consequences include loss of nutritional value of diet, physical damages, exposure to pathogens and transport of alien species. In addition, plastics contain chemical additives and efficiently adsorb several environmental contaminants, thus representing a potential source of exposure to such compounds after ingestion. Complex ecotoxicological effects are increasingly reported, but the fate and impact of microplastics in the marine environment are still far to be fully clarified.

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Authors: Avio, C. G., Gorbi, S., & Regoli, F.
Affiliations: Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
Corresponding author: Regoli, Francesco
ORCID: Avio, Carlo Giacomo
Gorbi, Stefania
Regoli, Francesco
Venue: Marine Environmental Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-07
Volume: 128
Pages: 2-11
ISSN: 0141-1136 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.012
OpenAlex: W2404331178
Cited by: 1,248
References: 152
Citations by year: 2026: 92 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 198 · 2021: 188 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 23
FWCI: 39.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Marine Environmental Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Ephemare Project
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Keywords: plastic pollution, microplastics, marine plastic debris, emerging contaminants, pollutant adsorption, environmental risk assessment, ecotoxicology, Southern Hemisphere
MeSH terms: Environmental Monitoring, Oceans and Seas, Plastics, Seawater, Waste Products, Water Pollutants, Chemical

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Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to emerged threat

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