The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 10 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes
Open accessAbstract
Neuston samples were collected at 21 stations during an ~700 nautical mile (~1300 km) expedition in July 2012 in the Laurentian Great Lakes of the United States using a 333 μm mesh manta trawl and analyzed for plastic debris. Although the average abundance was approximately 43,000 microplastic particles/km², station 20, downstream from two major cities, contained over 466,000 particles/km², greater than all other stations combined. SEM analysis determined nearly 20% of particles less than 1 mm, which were initially identified as microplastic by visual observation, were aluminum silicate from coal ash. Many microplastic particles were multi-colored spheres, which were compared to, and are suspected to be, microbeads from consumer products containing microplastic particles of similar size, shape, texture and composition. The presence of microplastics and coal ash in these surface samples, which were most abundant where lake currents converge, are likely from nearby urban effluent and coal burning power plants.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Neuston sampling across Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie in July 2012 found microplastic pollution at nearly all 21 stations, with an average abundance of 43,157 particles/km² and extreme concentrations in western Lake Erie. SEM/EDS showed that many particles visually identified as microplastic were actually coal ash, while multi-colored spheres were suspected to be consumer-product microbeads.
Key findings
- All 21 net tows except sample 13 contained plastic; adjusted average abundance was 43,157 particles/km², with counts ranging from 0 to over 450,000 particles/km².
- Sample 20 contained 1,101 plastic particles, reported as 466,305 particles/km² in Table 1 (463,423 particles/km² in the results text), greater than all other samples combined. Lake Erie samples accounted for ~90% of all pelagic plastic debris, and samples 20 and 21 alone contained 85% of all microplastic particles collected.
- SEM/EDS determined that nearly 20% of particles <1 mm initially identified as microplastic were aluminum silicate from coal ash; 8 of 21 samples contained coal/fly ash, with an average contribution of 20% within the 0.355–1 mm size class, and samples 20 and 21 contained 28% and 27% aluminum silicate, respectively.
- The 0.355–0.999 mm size class accounted for 81% of total particle count; pellets and fragments were far more abundant than other particle types. Multi-colored spheres were compared to polyethylene microbeads from two national facial cleanser brands and found to be similar in shape, size, color, and elemental composition.
Methods
- During a ~700 nautical mile expedition from 11–31 July 2012, 21 neuston samples were collected in Lakes Superior (5), Huron (8), and Erie (8) using a 333 µm mesh manta trawl towed for 60 min at 2.0 knots.
- Samples were preserved in 70% isopropyl alcohol, rinsed in salt water, sorted under a dissecting microscope, and separated into three size classes (0.355–0.999 mm, 1.00–4.749 mm, >4.75 mm) and five categories (fragment, foamed polystyrene, line, pellet, film); abundance per km² was calculated from tow length and trawl width.
- All particles <1 mm from each sample were examined by SEM/EDS for elemental composition; suspected microbeads were compared with two national facial cleanser products, and a fraction of sample 21 was soaked in 2 M HCl for 24 h to remove biofilm before SEM imaging.
Limitations
- The paper states that visual observation alone is insufficient to separate microplastic from other debris, as shown by the misidentification of coal ash particles.
- Evident from the text: SEM/EDS analysis was applied only to particles <1 mm, while particles >1 mm were identified visually and excluded from SEM/EDS.
- Evident from the text: the survey covered only three of the five Great Lakes during a single July 2012 expedition, with high spatial variability; the microbead source attribution is suspected based on similarity to consumer products rather than confirmed by tracing.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
13 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Sources not found · 4 No full text of the sources · 3 Own method · 1 Not checked yet · 1 No basis given
In the paper
“SEM/EDS analysis also allowed the determination that many particles initially identified as microplastic were actually aluminum silicates.”
- Also stated in: § 3. Results · plain
“The aluminum silicate particles were determined to be coal ash and coal fly ash (Fig. 2) based upon a match between our SEM/EDS analysis and similar analyses performed by a commercial ash analysis firm”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites STS Analytical Testing Laboratory
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § 3. Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with particle counts ranging from $450 up to over 450,000 per square kilometer”
- Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · plain
“overall counts varying from 0 to over 450,000 plastic particles per square kilometer”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 21 net tows, all samples except one, sample 13, contained plastic”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the average abundance was approximately 43,000 microplastic particles/km 2”
- Also stated in: § 3. Results · plain
“the average abundance was 43,157 plastic particles/km 2”
- Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · plain
“yielding an average count density of 43,157 ± 115,519 particles/km 2”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > Abstract
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § 3. Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The size classes representing particles 0.355-0.999mm accounted for 81% of the total particle count.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In fact, Lake Erie samples account for $90% of all the pelagic plastic debris”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with samples 20 and 21 alone containing 85% of all microplastic particles collected in all samples combined.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Microplastic pellets and fragments were far more abundant than other particle types.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The microbeads within these consumer products were compared to the multi-colored microplastic spheres in the samples, and found to be of similar shape, size, color and elemental composition (Fig. 4).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
“Many microplastic particles were multi-colored spheres, which were compared to, and are suspected to be, microbeads from consumer products containing microplastic particles of similar size, shape, texture and composition.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We report here the first open-water survey for plastic pollution within the Laurentian Great Lakes system.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 1. Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
- Probably not a substantial claim. 4
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“contained 1101 plastic particles, or 463,423 particles/km 2 , which was the highest count in one 60-min tow and greater than the count of all other samples combined.”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“station 20, downstream from two major cities, contained over 466,000 particles/km 2 , greater than all other stations combined.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of our 21 samples, 8 were found to contain coal/fly ash, with an average contribution of 20% (within the 0.355-1 mm size classification).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“SEM analysis determined nearly 20% of particles less than 1 mm, which were initially identified as microplastic by visual observation, were aluminum silicate from coal ash.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the samples showed great spatial variability (Fig. 1), with particle counts ranging from $450 up to over 450,000 per square kilometer, the samples from Lake Erie were consistently the most concentrated as compared to the other two Great Lakes sampled.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plaincorrelationaln = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our two samples with high particle counts, sample 20 & 21, contained 28% and 27% aluminum silicate, respectively”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These two samples were collected in the area of converging currents, are in close proximity to several coal burning power plants (Stamper et al., 2012) and are directly downstream from the cities of Detroit, MI, Cleveland, OH and Erie, PA, (Fig. 1).”
- Also stated in: § 4. Discussion · hedged
“Annual mean current modeling suggest that currents in Lake Erie are pushed southward along the shoreline (Beletsky et al., 1999).”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 4. Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stamper et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Beletsky et al., 1999 source
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 4. Discussion · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“tended to show slightly higher particle counts as compared to Lake Huron.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SEM/EDS analyses confirmed that suspected paint fragments were not polymeric and had a nearly identical elemental fingerprint to samples taken from the vessel.It was concluded that these were paint chips from the vessel and they were excluded from plastic particle counts.”
- Also stated in: § 2. Materials and methods · plain
“Qualitative elemental composition of particles was confirmed using an Oxford INCA Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy system (EDS).”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 2. Materials and methods · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Particles >1 mm were more easily identified as plastic, and therefore excluded from SEM/EDS analysis.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Particles larger than 1 mm can be reliably identified as plastic by visual observation without SEM/EDS confirmation.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Microbeads are microplastic by design and have similar consequences in the marine environment.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 5. Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In the 8 states that border the Great Lakes, there are 144 coal-burning power plants (Stamper et al., 2012), which may release aluminum silicates in the form of coal ash or fly ash into waterways through wastewater discharge or aeolian transport.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 4. Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stamper et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“microplastic particles from sandblasting media have been suspected to pollute the marine environment since the early 1990s (Zitko and Hanlon, 1991).”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 1. Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Zitko and Hanlon, 1991 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The presence of microplastics and coal ash in these surface samples, which were most abundant where lake currents converge, are likely from nearby urban effluent and coal burning power plants.”
- Also stated in: § 4. Discussion · plain
“These two samples were collected in the area of converging currents, are in close proximity to several coal burning power plants (Stamper et al., 2012) and are directly downstream from the cities of Detroit, MI, Cleveland, OH and Erie, PA, (Fig. 1).”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stamper et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditionaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 4. Discussion · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All of these materials would be negatively buoyant in freshwater, and therefore are not likely to appear within samples obtained in the Great Lakes.”
- Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · hedged
“Though sandblasting media may release microplastic particles to the environment, their negative buoyancy in freshwater likely eliminates them as a drifting pollutant.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 4. Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § 5. Conclusion · hedged
The paper relies on this without support.
Few, if any, wastewater treatment facilities capture all floating, non-biodegradable particulate of 0.5 mm size or smaller.
“but few, if any, wastewater treatment facilities capture all floating, non-biodegradable particulate of 0.5 mm size or smaller.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Particles larger than 1 mm can be reliably identified as plastic by visual observation without SEM/EDS confirmation.
“Particles >1 mm were more easily identified as plastic, and therefore excluded from SEM/EDS analysis.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
“Great Lakes sample 20, collected at 42°23.62N, 79°57.21W,contained 1101 plastic particles, or 463,423 particles/km 2”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 5. Conclusion
“| 20 | 42.3938 | À79.9536 | 1101 | 3.87 | 466305 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
“with particle counts ranging from $450 up to over 450,000 per square kilometer”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 5. Conclusion
“| 13 | 43.4134 | À82.3994 | 0 | 3.93 | 0 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 3. Results
“the samples from Lake Erie were consistently the most concentrated as compared to the other two Great Lakes sampled.”
§ Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes > 5. Conclusion
“| 15 | 41.7523 | À82.9450 | 9 | 3.15 | 4686 |”
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Microplastics Environmental Effect and Risk Assessment on the Aquaculture Systems from South China
Li, Y., Chen, G., Xu, K., Huang, K., & Wang, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18041869 · Cited by 68
Onoja, S., Nel, H., Abdallah, M. A., & Harrad, S. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111830 · Cited by 64
Freshwater Microplastics: Challenges for Regulation and Management
Brennholt, N., Hess, M. C., & Reifferscheid, G. (2017) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_12 · Cited by 66
Understanding the Risks of Microplastics: A Social-Ecological Risk Perspective
Kramm, J., & Völker, C. (2017) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_11 · Cited by 66
“Thus, the case of the USA can be regarded as an example of using a well-structured problem for policy-making, while most of the problems related to plastics are in fact unstructured, e.g., due to competing views of multiple interest groups.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelective accumulation of plastic debris at the breaking wave area of coastal waters
Ho, N. H. E., & Not, C. (2018) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.041 · Cited by 64
Environmental Microplastic Particles vs. Engineered Plastic Microparticles—A Comparative Review
Kefer, S., Miesbauer, O., & Langowski, H. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13172881 · Cited by 64
“Since the first observations, various research objectives have been proposed from measuring their abundance in estuarine regions [11], open water [12], lakes [6], and the Antarctic [7], to the ingestion of microplastic particles by biota [13,14].”
BackgroundMicroplastics in Aquatic Environments: Sources, Ecotoxicity, Detection & Remediation
Katare, Y., Singh, P., Sankhla, M. S., Singhal, M., Ekta, B., Jadhav, Parihar, K., Nikalje, B. T., Trpathi, A., & Bhardwaj, L. (2021) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac123.34073428 · Cited by 67
“proved that microplastic absorbs pyrene [149-152, 153].”
Mandal, A., Singh, N., Mondal, A., Talib, M., Basu, R., Biswas, M. K., & Darbha, G. K. (2023) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115265 · Cited by 63
The Paleoecology of Microplastic Contamination
Bancone, C. E. P., Turner, S. D., do Sul, J. A. I., & Rose, N. L. (2020) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.574008 · Cited by 74
“…have used visual sorting only, this may lead to a great under- or over-estimation of microplastic contamination and the use of spectroscopic approaches such as infra-red (IR) or Raman analysis greatly increases reliability (Hidalgo-Ruz et al., 2012; Eriksen et al., 2013; Mendoza and Balcer, 2019).”
BackgroundChen, H., Qin, Y., Huang, H., & Xu, W. (2020) · Water · doi:10.3390/w12071889 · Cited by 63
Tian, M., Morais, C. L. M., Shen, H., Pang, W., Xu, L., Huang, Q., & Martin, F. L. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126892 · Cited by 63
Шолохова, А., Čeponkus, J., Šablinskas, V., & Денафас, Г. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17378-6 · Cited by 64
“2017); microbeads and spheres – with production and use of personal care products (Eriksen et al. 2013); fragments – with the fragmentation of large plastics items, and films – with the fragmentation of plastic bags and packaging materials (Shim et al.”
BackgroundMicroplastic in Water and Sediments at the Confluence of the Elbe and Mulde Rivers in Germany
Laermanns, H., Reifferscheid, G., Kruse, J., Földi, C., Dierkes, G., Schaefer, D., Scherer, C., Bogner, C., & Stock, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.794895 · Cited by 63
“Moreover, the sampling depth of 30 cm below the water surface might have an impact on the abundance of detected polymers and particle shapes (Eriksen et al., 2013; Löder et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMicroplastics in waste management systems: A review of analytical methods, challenges and prospects
Rafiq, A., & Xu, J. (2023) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.015 · Cited by 64
Banik, P., Anisuzzaman, M., Bhattacharjee, S., Marshall, D. J., Yu, Q., Nur, A.-A. U., Jolly, Y. N., Al‐Mamun, M., Paray, B. A., Bappy, M. M. M., et al. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123036 · Cited by 64
Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies for Microplastics Identification: Progress and Challenges
Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Huang, J., Zhang, Y., Ho, Y., Fang, J. K., & Lam, E. Y. M. (2024) · Advanced Photonics Research · doi:10.1002/adpr.202400038 · Cited by 68
Detection and degradation of microplastics in the environment: a review
Yousafzai, S., Farid, M., Zubair, M., Naeem, N., Zafar, W., Asam, Z. U. Z., Farid, S., & Ali, S. (2025) · Environmental Science Advances · doi:10.1039/d5va00064e · Cited by 76
Analytical Methods for Microplastics in Environments: Current Advances and Challenges
Liu, M., Lu, S., Chen, Y., Cao, C., Bigalke, M., & He, D. (2020) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2019_436 · Cited by 71
Risk Perception of Plastic Pollution: Importance of Stakeholder Involvement and Citizen Science
Syberg, K., Hansen, S. F., Christensen, T. B., & Khan, F. R. (2017) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_10 · Cited by 66
“The environmental presence of microbeads has been documented [38], and the focus on microbeads is therefore scientifically valid.”
BackgroundMicroplastic pollution in inshore and offshore surface waters of the southern Caspian Sea
Manbohi, A., Mehdinia, A., Rahnama, R., & Dehbandi, R. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130896 · Cited by 61
Chen, J., Wang, W., Liu, H., Xu, X., & Xia, J. (2021) · Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability · doi:10.1080/26395940.2021.1960198 · Cited by 67
“Given the increasing output of microplastics, they are ubiquitous in different environmental matrices, including marine- and fresh-water [7,8], sea ice [9], sediments [10], soil [11], and the atmosphere [12].”
BackgroundLi, B., Wan, H., Cai, Y., Peng, J., Li, B., Jia, Q., Xiao, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, P., Hong, B., et al. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153187 · Cited by 62
Challenges in Raman spectroscopy of (micro)Plastics: The interfering role of colourants
Azari, A., Ronsmans, S., Vanoirbeek, J. A., Hoet, P., & Ghosh, M. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125250 · Cited by 64
Variation in plastic abundance at different lake beach zones - A case study
Imhof, H. K., Wiesheu, A. C., Anger, P. M., Nießner, R., Ivleva, N. P., & Laforsch, C. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.300 · Cited by 61
Microplastics in Inland African Waters: Presence, Sources, and Fate
Khan, F. R., Mayoma, B. S., Biginagwa, F. J., & Syberg, K. (2017) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_6 · Cited by 65
“The link between urban waste and MPs has been established in the freshwater MP literature [10, 11, 13, 15], but to date there is Microplastics in Inland African Waters: Presence, Sources, and Fate 103”
InfluentialNondestructive Extraction and Identification of Microplastics from Freshwater Sport Fish Stomachs
Wagner, J., Wang, Z.-M., Ghosal, S., Murphy, M. C., Wall, S. M., Cook, A., Robberson, W., & Allen, H. L. (2019) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05072 · Cited by 61
Identification of microplastics in conventional drinking water treatment plants in Tehran, Iran
Adib, D., Mafigholami, R., & Tabeshkia, H. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00737-3 · Cited by 61
Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters from Plain and Mountainous Lakes in Siberia, Russia
Malygina, N. S., Mitrofanova, E. Y., Kuryatnikova, N., Biryukov, R. Y., Zolotov, D. V., Pershin, D. K., & Черных, Д. В. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13162287 · Cited by 65
“Lower microplastic concentrations were also obtained in Yellowstone Lake in North America (2–11 MPs overall).”
BackgroundAbomohra, A., & Hanelt, D. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10122400 · Cited by 66
“USA Lakes Huron “ 6541 particles/km2 [54] Hudson River “ 0.”
BackgroundMishra, S., Dash, D., & Das, A. P. (2024) · CLEAN - Soil Air Water · doi:10.1002/clen.202300343 · Cited by 63
Rural plastic emissions into the largest mountain lake of the Eastern Carpathians
Mihai, F. (2018) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.172396 · Cited by 62
Scleractinian corals incorporate microplastic particles: identification from a laboratory study
Hierl, F., Wu, H. C., & Westphal, H. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13240-x · Cited by 57
Angelucci, D. M., & Tomei, M. C. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2020.1856594 · Cited by 61
“Microbeads constitute a consistent fraction of MPs varying in the range of 3.6%–58% of the collected MPs in several coastal areas (Eriksen et al., 2013; So et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialPrajapati, S., Beal, M. L., Maley, J. M., & Brinkmann, M. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12898-7 · Cited by 58
Micro(nano)plastics in food system: potential health impacts on human intestinal system
Wen, S., Zhao, Y., Wang, M., Yuan, H., & Xu, H. (2022) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2116559 · Cited by 63
“And in one experiment, error rate of visual observation method reached more than 20%, and it increases with the decrease of particle size (Eriksen et al. 2013).”
MethodOptimization of elutriation device for filtration of microplastic particles from sediment
Zhu, X. (2015) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.054 · Cited by 59
“Plastic equipment, parts, bags, and toys may break down when exposed to UV light to form tiny microscopic particles which may remain in the world’s oceans for centuries (Eriksen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundIroegbu, A. O. C., Sadiku, E. R., Ray, S. S., & Hamam, Y. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08194-5 · Cited by 64
Simmerman, C. B., & Wasik, J. K. C. (2019) · Limnology and Oceanography Letters · doi:10.1002/lol2.10138 · Cited by 58
“…between population density and MP abundance in water and organisms, suggesting that urban areas contribute notable loads of MPs into freshwaters (Eriksen et al. 2013; Horton et al. 2016; Peters and Bratton 2016; Cable et al. 2017; Tibbetts et al. 2018), whereas other studies found no connection…”
ResultHamed, M., Osman, A. G. M., Badrey, A. E. A., Soliman, H. A. M., & Sayed, A. E. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.742922 · Cited by 59
“There is a relatively high presence of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater bodies adjacent to the highly populated urban areas (Eriksen et al., 2013; Yonkos et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2014; Lasee et al., 2017).”
BackgroundQin, B., & Song, G. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14137677 · Cited by 75
Review on the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic pollution on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia
Samadi, A., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Kim, Y. J., & Esterhuizen‐Londt, M. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.23623 · Cited by 60
“Furthermore, researchers have called for the incorporation of strategies and plans to decrease the effect of MPs in freshwater environments near urban areas.(85) Moreover, the role of the freshwater system as the main source of MPs to the marine environment should not be neglected.”
BackgroundLi, X., Bao, L., Wei, Y., Zhao, W., Wang, F., Liu, X., Su, H., & Zhang, R. (2023) · Water · doi:10.3390/w15091768 · Cited by 68
Microplastics in the sediment of Lake Ulansuhai of Yellow River Basin, China
Qin, Y., Wang, Z., Li, W., Chang, X., Yang, J., & Yang, F. (2019) · Water Environment Research · doi:10.1002/wer.1275 · Cited by 59
“Nevertheless, the results acquired from these instruments were not sufficient and rigorous for further discussion (Eriksen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundBibliometrics and visualization analysis regarding research on the development of microplastics
Zhou, M., Wang, R., Cheng, S., Xu, Y., Luo, S., Zhang, Y., & Kong, L. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12366-2 · Cited by 58
“…tissues 371 Cauwenberghe and Janssen (2014) Microplastics in bivalves 402 Setala et al. (2014) Floating food web microplastic uptake and migration 364 Eriksen et al. (2013) Microplastics in the lake 411 Fendall and Sewell (2009) Microplastics in toiletries 336 Van Cauwenberghe et al. (2013)…”
BackgroundInfluentialMoura, D. S., Pestana, C. J., Moffat, C. F., Hui, J., Irvine, J. T. S., Edwards, C., & Lawton, L. A. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119135 · Cited by 60
Rai, P. K., Kumar, V., Sonne, C., Lee, S. S., Brown, R. J. C., & Kim, K. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129321 · Cited by 61
Vélez‐Escamilla, L. Y., & Contreras‐Torres, F. F. (2022) · Particle & Particle Systems Characterization · doi:10.1002/ppsc.202100217 · Cited by 57
Ecotoxicological effects of plastics on plants, soil fauna and microorganisms: A meta-analysis
Huo, Y., Dijkstra, F. A., Possell, M., & Singh, B. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119892 · Cited by 64
Fakhri, V., Hamzehlouy, A., Dehchani, A. J., Moradi, E., Dare, M. T., Jafari, A., & Khonakdar, H. A. (2024) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105854 · Cited by 57
Gui, B., Xu, X., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Li, C., Zhang, D., Su, L., & Zhao, Y. H. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111001 · Cited by 55
Microplastics in fishmeal: A threatening issue for sustainable aquaculture and human health
Mahamud, A. G. M. S. U., Anu, M. S., Baroi, A., Datta, A., Khan, M. S. U., Rahman, M., Tabassum, T., Tanwi, J. T., & Rahman, T. (2022) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101205 · Cited by 57
A critical review of microplastic degradation and material flow analysis towards a circular economy
Cholewinski, A., Dadzie, E., Sherlock, C., Anderson, W. A., Charles, T. C., Habib, K., Young, S. B., & Zhao, B. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120334 · Cited by 62
An, X., Li, W., Lan, J., & Adnan, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192214751 · Cited by 60
“The average abundance of floating MPs in the Great Lakes drainage basin was up to 43,000 items·km−2 [48].”
BackgroundWang, J., Bucci, K., Helm, P. A., Hoellein, T. J., Hoffman, M. J., Rooney, R. C., & Rochman, C. M. (2022) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2022-0140 · Cited by 66
Natural Solar Irradiation Produces Fluorescent and Biodegradable Nanoplastics
Wang, C., Gu, X., Dong, R., Chen, Z., Jin, X., Gao, J., Ok, Y. S., & Gu, C. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c07537 · Cited by 57
Yang, C., Niu, S., Xia, Y., & Wu, J. (2023) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.117348 · Cited by 59
Hoellein, T. J., Westhoven, M., Lyandres, O., & Cross, J. (2015) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2014.12.015 · Cited by 56
A Review on Microplastics – An Indelible Ubiquitous Pollutant
(2022) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac132.126 · Cited by 62
“Microplastics have been reported in surface waters, shorelines, and seabed from the coast to the open ocean globally [67].”
BackgroundSampling strategies and analytical techniques for assessment of airborne micro and nano plastics
Azari, A., Vanoirbeek, J., Belleghem, F. V., Vleeschouwers, B., Hoet, P., & Ghosh, M. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107885 · Cited by 61
Shao, Y., Liu, B., Guo, K., Gao, Y., Yue, Q., & Gao, B. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133076 · Cited by 57
Alfonso, M. B., Arias, A. H., & Píccolo, M. C. (2020) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-020-8080-1 · Cited by 53
Prevalence of microplastic pollution in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
Pan, Z., Sun, X., Guo, H., Cai, S., Chen, H., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Lin, H., & Huang, J. (2019) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.076 · Cited by 52
Microplastics in Flathead Lake, a large oligotrophic mountain lake in the USA
Xiong, X., Tappenbeck, T. H., Wu, C., & Elser, J. J. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119445 · Cited by 61
Frost, H., Bond, T., Sizmur, T., & Felipe-Sotelo, M. (2022) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d1em00541c · Cited by 59
“Eriksen Nylon is a common synthetic bre used in apparel textiles, 44 and the shedding propensity of nylon garments during laundering is comparable to that of polyester (Table 1).”
BackgroundZhang, P., Liu, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, M., Gao, L., & Zhao, B. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113997 · Cited by 55
Ramaremisa, G., Ndlovu, M., & Saad, D. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5482 · Cited by 59
“For reliable identification of microplastics, chemical analysis is essential to support the preceding visual observation (Araujo et al., 2018; Eriksen et al., 2013; Silva et al., 2018).”
Ecological risks of microplastics contamination with green solutions and future perspectives
Khan, A., Jie, Z., Wang, J., Nepal, J., Ullah, N., Zhao, Z., Wang, P.-Y., Ahmad, W., Khan, A., Wang, W., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165688 · Cited by 57
Quantitative assessment on the distribution patterns of microplastics in global inland waters
Jin, X., Li, Z., Peñuelas, J., Sardans, J., Wu, Q., Peng, Y., Hědenec, P., Li, Z., Yuan, C., Yuan, J., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02320-2 · Cited by 61
Noik, V. J., & Tuah, P. M. (2015) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/78/1/012035 · Cited by 55
Junaid, M., & Wang, J. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2021.2002078 · Cited by 55
“In North America, the lower levels of MPs were found in the Laurentian Great Lakes (43,157 ± 115,519 p/km2) (Eriksen et al., 2013), Lake Winnipeg (25,000–54,000 p/km2) (Anderson et al., 2017), Lake Michigan (17,000 p/km2) (Mason et al., 2016), and Lake Superior (4000–100,000 p/km2) (Cox et al.,…”
BackgroundReliable quantification of microplastic release from the domestic laundry of textile fabrics
Tiffin, L., Hazlehurst, A., Sumner, M., & Taylor, M. (2021) · Journal of the Textile Institute · doi:10.1080/00405000.2021.1892305 · Cited by 54
“…used in clothing, such as polyester, acrylic, and polyamide, are regularly reported in high concentrations downstream of water treatment facilities (Eriksen et al., 2013; Hoellein et al., 2014) indicating that the standard filtration of waste water is not always effective in stopping microplastics…”
BackgroundRisk associated with microplastics in urban aquatic environments: A critical review
He, B., Liu, A., Duan, H., Wijesiri, B., & Goonetilleke, A. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129587 · Cited by 51
Fuschi, C., Pu, H., MacDonell, M. M., Picel, K., Negri, M., & Chen, J. (2022) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02896 · Cited by 52
Nawab, J., Khan, H., Ghani, J., Zafar, M. I., Khan, S. A., Toller, S., Fatima, L., & Hamza, A. (2023) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138572 · Cited by 52
Wardlaw, C. M., & Prosser, R. S. (2020) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-020-04741-5 · Cited by 62
An overview of microplastics in oysters: Analysis, hazards, and depuration
Liu, Y., Shi, H., Chen, L., et al. (2023) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136153 · Cited by 51
Yin, L., Du, L., Wen, X., Huang, D., Xiao, R., Wang, Z., Hongyu, S., Huang, J., Wang, G., Tao, J., et al. (2023) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s44169-023-00036-y · Cited by 52
“Based on the relevant studies, more such studies have been conducted in Asia, North America, and Western Europe.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRemoval of microplastics in wastewater by ceramic microfiltration
Takeuchi, H., Tanaka, S., Koyuncu, C. Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.104010 · Cited by 51
Khanna, R., Chandra, A. P., Sen, S., Konyukhov, Y., Fuentes, E., Burmistrov, I. N., & Kravchenko, M. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16198704 · Cited by 53
Nature of Plastic Marine Pollution in the Subtropical Gyres
Eriksen, M., Thiel, M., & Lebreton, L. (2016) · The handbook of environmental chemistry · doi:10.1007/698_2016_123 · Cited by 62
Self-citationPlastics in the environment as potential threat to life: an overview
Ghaffar, I., Rashid, M., Akmal, M., & Hussain, A. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21542-x · Cited by 54
“The studies that report microplastics in freshwater ecosystem have shown that the remarkable amount of microplastics was present in surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes (Eriksen et al.”
BackgroundAdvances and prospects of carbon dots for microplastic analysis
Tammina, S. K., Khan, A., & Rhim, J. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137433 · Cited by 51
Overview of microplastic pollution and its influence on the health of organisms
Deng, Y., Wu, J., Chen, J., & Kang, K. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A · doi:10.1080/10934529.2023.2190715 · Cited by 51
“043 (PCS /m2) [36] Fresh water Yangtze River, China 32 lm 4137.”
BackgroundBelioka, M.-P., & Achilias, D. S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15119079 · Cited by 54
“The ecosystems most severely impacted by microplastic pollution include marine circulation, estuaries, and other coastal areas where humans are involved [58,125,126].”
BackgroundIslam, M. S., Lee, Z., Shaleh, A., & Soo, H. S. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-03639-6 · Cited by 54
“National policies aim to manage microplastic pollution due to increasing reports regarding its effects on the marine ecosystem (Eriksen et al., 2013) and regulations intended for producers and consumers become more effective with more demands from key actors in environmentally friendly products…”
Horton, A. A., Weerasinghe, K. D. I., Mayor, D. J., & Lampitt, R. S. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170170 · Cited by 51
Microplastics as Emerging Contaminants: Challenges in Inland Aquatic Food Web
Swain, P. R., Parida, P. K., Majhi, P., Behera, B. K., & Das, B. K. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17020201 · Cited by 58
Microplastic Contamination in Freshwater Systems: Methodological Challenges, Occurrence and Sources
Dris, R., Imhof, H. K., Löder, M. G. J., Gaspéri, J., Laforsch, C., & Tassin, B. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813747-5.00003-5 · Cited by 65
The Occurrence, Fate, and Effects of Microplastics in the Marine Environment
Li, W. C. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813747-5.00005-9 · Cited by 65
Microparticles in Table Salt: Levels and Chemical Composition of the Smallest Dimensional Fraction
Renzi, M., Grazioli, E., Bertacchini, E., & Blašković, A. (2019) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse7090310 · Cited by 49
“To date microplastics have been detected in water [7,8],”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Eriksen, M., Mason, S., Wilson, S., Box, C., Zellers, A., Edwards, W., Farley, H., & Amato, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- SUNY Fredonia (US)
- Niagara University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eriksen, Marcus
- Venue
- Marine Pollution Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 177-182
- ISSN
- 0025-326X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2150503350
- Cited by
- 1,937
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 117 · 2025: 160 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 219 · 2022: 227 · 2021: 228 · 2020: 226 · 2019: 172 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 22
- FWCI
- 36.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Marine Pollution Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- River Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Keywords
- microplastic pollution, Great Lakes, neuston, surface water, microbeads, coal ash, aluminum silicate, urban effluents, coal-fired power plants, lake currents
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Plastics, United States, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Lakes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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