The cartilage extracellular matrix as a transient developmental scaffold for growth plate maturation
Abstract
The cartilage growth plate is a specialized developmental tissue containing characteristic zonal arrangements of chondrocytes. The proliferative and differentiative states of chondrocytes are tightly regulated at all stages including the initial limb bud and rudiment cartilage stages of development, the establishment of the primary and secondary ossification centers, development of the growth plates and laying down of bone. A multitude of spatio-temporal signals, including transcription factors, growth factors, morphogens and hormones, control chondrocyte maturation and terminal chondrocyte differentiation/hypertrophy, cell death/differentiation, calcification and vascular invasion of the growth plate and bone formation during morphogenetic transition of the growth plate. This involves hierarchical, integrated signaling from growth and factors, transcription factors, mechanosensory cues and proteases in the extracellular matrix to regulate these developmental processes to facilitate progressive changes in the growth plate culminating in bone formation and endochondral ossification. This review provides an overview of selected components which have particularly important roles in growth plate biology including collagens, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, growth factors, proteases and enzymes.
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Cartilage acts as a template for primary and secondary ossification centers, development of the growth plates and the end of long bones, and the laying down of bone.
“Cartilage also acts as a template for primary and secondary ossi fi cation centers, development of the growth plates and the end of long bones, and the laying down of bone (578).”
From Biological roles of glycans (2017) · cites this paper as [578]
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Varki, A. (2017) · Glycobiology · doi:10.1093/glycob/cww086 · Cited by 2,635 · see citing works
“Cartilage also acts as a template for primary and secondary ossification centers, development of the growth plates and the end of long bones, and the laying down of bone (578).”
Background
- Authors
- Melrose, J., Shu, C., Whitelock, J. M., & Lord, M. S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Northern Sydney Local Health District (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lord, Megan S.
- Venue
- Matrix Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 52-54
- Pages
- 363-383
- ISSN
- 0945-053X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2252208090
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 288
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 1.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Matrix Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
- Keywords
- growth plate, cartilage matrix, chondrocyte maturation, endochondral ossification, chondrocyte hypertrophy, chondrogenic differentiation, collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, mechanosensing, vascular invasion, bone formation, ossification centers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcification, Physiologic, Cartilage, Cell Differentiation, Extracellular Matrix, Growth Plate, Humans, Signal Transduction, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Chondrocytes, Chondrogenesis, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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