Increased mitochondrial turnover in the skeletal muscle of fasted, castrated mice is related to the magnitude of autophagy activation and muscle atrophy
Abstract
Androgen-deficiency promotes muscle atrophy in part by increasing autophagy-mediated muscle protein breakdown during the fasted state, but factors contributing to this remain undefined. To identify novel factors, mice were subjected to sham or castration surgery. Seven-weeks post-surgery, mice were fasted overnight, refed for 30 min, and fasted another 4.5 h before sacrifice. BNIP3-mediated turnover of mitochondria was increased within the atrophied tibialis anterior (TA) of castrated mice and related to the magnitude of muscle atrophy and autophagy activation (i.e. decreased p62 protein content), thus linking turnover of potentially dysfunctional mitochondria with autophagy-mediated atrophy. Autophagy induction was likely facilitated by AMPK activation as a stress survival mechanism since phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr172), as well as the pro survival kinases Akt (Thr308) and (ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204), were increased by castration. Together, these data identify a novel relationship between mitochondrial turnover in the fasted state with autophagy activation and muscle atrophy following androgen depletion.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Castration increases LC3 II/I ratio in the skeletal muscle of male mice, indicating that androgen deficiency increases mitophagy.
“In addition, Castration increases LC3 II/I ratio in the skeletal muscle of male mice, indicating that androgen deficiency increases mitophagy (147, 148).”
From From mitochondria to sarcopenia: role of 17β-estradiol and testosterone (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
Cites
Huggins, C., & Hodges, C. V. (2002) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64820-3 · Cited by 3,856 · see citing works
Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy.
Bodine, S. C., Latres, E., Baumhueter, S., Lai, V. K.-M., Nunez, L., Clarke, B. A., Poueymirou, W. T., Panaro, F. J., Na, E., Dharmarajan, K., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1065874 · Cited by 3,521 · see citing works
Martin, L., Birdsell, L., Macdonald, N., Reiman, T., Clandinin, M. T., McCargar, L. J., Murphy, R. A., Ghosh, S., Sawyer, M. B., & Baracos, V. E. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.45.2722 · Cited by 2,698 · see citing works
Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
Lin, J., Wu, H., Tarr, P. T., Zhang, C.-Y., Wu, Z., Boss, O., Michael, L. F., Puigserver, P., Isotani, E., Olson, E. N., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00904 · Cited by 2,546 · see citing works
Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy
Kim, I., Rodriguez-Enriquez, S., & Lemasters, J. J. (2007) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.034 · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
Mitophagy: mechanisms, pathophysiological roles, and analysis
Ding, W.-X., & Yin, X.-M. (2012) · bchm · doi:10.1515/hsz-2012-0119 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Cárdenas, C., Miller, R. A., Smith, I., Bui, T., Molgó, J., Müller, M., Vais, H., Cheung, K.-H., Yang, J., Parker, I., et al. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.007 · Cited by 1,026 · see citing works
Sandri, M., Lin, J., Handschin, C., Yang, W., Arany, Z. P., Lecker, S. H., Goldberg, A. L., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607795103 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
ROS, mitochondria and the regulation of autophagy
Scherz-Shouval, R., & Elazar, Z. (2007) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.07.009 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Akt/Protein Kinase B Up-regulates Bcl-2 Expression through cAMP-response Element-binding Protein
Pugazhenthi, S., Nesterova, A., Sable, C. L., Heidenreich, K. A., Boxer, L. M., Heasley, L. E., & Reusch, J. E. B. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.15.10761 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: Role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome
Sandri, M. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.023 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
ERK1/2 MAP kinases in cell survival and apoptosis
Lu, Z., & Xu, S. (2006) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1080/15216540600957438 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Huggins, C., & Hodges, C. (2002) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(02)80307-x · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Ferrando, A. A., Sheffield-Moore, M., Yeckel, C. W., Gilkison, C., Jiang, J., Achacosa, A., Lieberman, S. A., Tipton, K., Wolfe, R. R., & Urban, R. J. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00362.2001 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
González‐García, M., Ballestero, R. P., Ding, L., Duan, L., Boise, L., Thompson, C. B., & Núñez, G. (1994) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.120.10.3033 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: a review
Morley, J. E. (2009) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s3025 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Alterations of protein turnover underlying disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle
Phillips, S. M., Glover, E. I., & Rennie, M. J. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00452.2009 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Brown, J. L., Rosa‐Caldwell, M. E., Lee, D. E., Blackwell, T. A., Brown, L. A., Perry, R. A., Haynie, W. S., Hardee, J. P., Carson, J. A., Wiggs, M. P., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12232 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
BNIP3 Protein Suppresses PINK1 Kinase Proteolytic Cleavage to Promote Mitophagy
Zhang, T., Xue, L., Li, L., Tang, C., Wan, Z., Wang, R., Tan, J., Tan, Y., Han, H., Tian, R., et al. (2016) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m116.733410 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
White, J. P., Baynes, J. W., Welle, S. L., Kostek, M. C., Matesic, L. E., Sato, S., & Carson, J. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024650 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Testosterone injection stimulates net protein synthesis but not tissue amino acid transport
Ferrando, A. A., Tipton, K. D., Doyle, D., Phillips, S. M., Cortiella, J., & Wolfe, R. R. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.5.e864 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Testosterone regulation of Akt/mTORC1/FoxO3a signaling in skeletal muscle
White, J. P., Gao, S., Puppa, M., Sato, S., Welle, S. L., & Carson, J. A. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.019 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Cárdenas, C., Müller, M., McNeal, A. S., Lovy, A., Jaña, F., Bustos, G., Urra, F. A., Smith‐Cortinez, N., Molgó, J., Diehl, J. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.030 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
White, J. P., Puppa, M. J., Sato, S., Gao, S., Price, R., Baynes, J., Kostek, M., Matesic, L., & Carson, J. (2012) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/2044-5040-2-14 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Qiao, S., Dennis, M. J., Song, X., Vadysirisack, D. D., Salunke, D., Nash, Z. M., Yang, Z., Liesa, M., Yoshioka, J., Matsuzawa, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8014 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
PGC-1α modulates denervation-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle
Vainshtein, A., Desjardins, E. M., Armani, A., Sandri, M., & Hood, D. A. (2015) · Skeletal Muscle · doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0033-y · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Differential Anabolic Effects of Testosterone and Amino Acid Feeding in Older Men
Ferrando, A. A., Sheffield‐Moore, M., Paddon‐Jones, D., Wolfe, R. R., & Urban, R. J. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021041 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Testosterone Signals through mTOR and Androgen Receptor to Induce Muscle Hypertrophy
Basualto-Alarcón, C., Jorquera, G., Altamirano, F. J., Jaimovich, E., & Estrada, M. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31828cf5f3 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Jackson, J. R., Ryan, M. J., & Alway, S. E. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr047 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Taherzadeh-Fard, E., Saft, C., Akkad, D. A., Wieczorek, S., Haghikia, A., Chan, A., Epplen, J. T., & Arning, L. (2011) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-6-32 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Amos-Landgraf, J. M., Heijmans, J., Wielenga, M. C. B., Dunkin, E., Krentz, K. J., Clipson, L. J., EDERVEEN, A. G. H., Groothuis, P. G., Mosselman, S., Muncan, V., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1323064111 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Ophoff, J., Proeyen, K. V., Callewaert, F., Gendt, K. D., Bock, K. D., Bosch, A. V., Verhoeven, G., Hespel, P., & Vanderschueren, D. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1509 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
ATM mediates spermidine-induced mitophagy via PINK1 and Parkin regulation in human fibroblasts
Qi, Y., Qiu, Q., Gu, X., Tian, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep24700 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Jackson, J. R., Ryan, M. J., Hao, Y., & Alway, S. E. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00489.2010 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Smuder, A. J., Sollanek, K. J., Nelson, W. B., Min, K., Talbert, E. E., Kavazis, A. N., Hudson, M. B., Sandri, M., Szeto, H. H., & Powers, S. K. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.025 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Androgen-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle protein balance
Rossetti, M. L., Steiner, J. L., & Gordon, B. S. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.031 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationNichenko, A. S., Southern, W. M., Atuan, M., Luan, J., Peissig, K. B., Foltz, S. J., Beedle, A. M., Warren, G. L., & Call, J. A. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00066.2016 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Effects of Testosterone on Skeletal Muscle Architecture in Intermediate-Frail and Frail Elderly Men
Atkinson, R. A., Srinivas-Shankar, U., Roberts, S. A., Connolly, M. J., Adams, J. E., Oldham, J. A., Wu, F. C. W., Seynnes, O., Stewart, C. E., Maganaris, C. N., et al. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq118 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Serra, C., Sandor, N. L., Jang, H., Lee, D. C., Toraldo, G., Guarneri, T., Wong, S., Zhang, A., Guo, W., Jasuja, R., et al. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1004 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
DING, G., Zhao, J., & Jiang, D. (2016) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3179 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Androgen Receptor Regulates Expression of Skeletal Muscle–Specific Proteins and Muscle Cell Types
Altuwaijri, S., Lee, D. K., Chuang, K.-H., Ting, H.-J., Yang, Z., Xu, Q., Tsai, M.-Y., Yeh, S., Hanchett, L. A., Chang, H.-C., et al. (2004) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:25:1:27 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Gordon, B. S., Williamson, D. L., Lang, C. H., Jefferson, L. S., & Kimball, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.114.207621 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationCárdenas, C., Müller, M., McNeal, A. S., Lovy, A., Jaña, F., Bustos, G., Urra, F. A., Smith‐Cortinez, N., Molgó, J., Diehl, J. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.045 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Characterization of the male ApcMin/+ mouse as a hypogonadism model related to cancer cachexia
White, J. P., Puppa, M. J., Narsale, A. A., & Carson, J. (2013) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.20136544 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Hughes, D. C., Stewart, C. E., Sculthorpe, N. F., Dugdale, H. F., Yousefian, F., Lewis, M. P., & Sharples, A. P. (2015) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-015-9621-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Resveratrol improves muscle function but not oxidative capacity in young mdx mice
Gordon, B. S., Delgado-Diaz, D. C., Carson, J. A., Fayad, R., Wilson, L. B., & Kostek, M. C. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2013-0350 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationRana, K., Chiu, M. W. S., Russell, P. K., Skinner, J. P. J., Lee, N. K., Fam, B. C., Zajac, J. D., & MacLean, H. E. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-15-0320 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gordon, B. S., Steiner, J. L., Rossetti, M. L., Qiao, S., Ellisen, L. W., Govindarajan, S. S., Eroshkin, A. M., Williamson, D. L., & Coen, P. M. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00120.2017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationCastration alters protein balance after high-frequency muscle contraction
Steiner, J. L., Fukuda, D. H., Rossetti, M. L., Hoffman, J. R., & Gordon, B. S. (2016) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00740.2016 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMattox, T. A., Young, M. E., Rubel, C. E., Spaniel, C., Rodriguez, J., Grevengoed, T. J., Gautel, M., Xu, Z., Anderson, E. J., & Willis, M. S. (2014) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1007/s10863-014-9549-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rossetti, M. L., & Gordon, B. S. (2017) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2017-0230 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationUeberschlag-Pitiot, V., Stantzou, A., Messéant, J., Lemaître, M., Owens, D. J., Noirez, P., Roy, P., Agbulut, O., METZGER, D., & Ferry, A. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00446.2016 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 53 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding sex differences in the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting
Montalvo, R. N., Counts, B. R., & Carson, J. A. (2018) · Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care · doi:10.1097/spc.0000000000000380 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
From mitochondria to sarcopenia: role of 17β-estradiol and testosterone
Tian, X., Lou, S., & Shi, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1156583 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Do not neglect the role of circadian rhythm in muscle atrophy
Zhang, H., Liang, J., & Chen, N. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101155 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mitochondria in Sex Hormone-Induced Disorder of Energy Metabolism in Males and Females
Yin, L., Luo, M., Wang, R., Ye, J., & Wang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.749451 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nikooie, R., Moflehi, D., & Zand, S. (2021) · Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1007/s12079-020-00599-8 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rossetti, M. L., Esser, K. A., Lee, C., Tomko, R. J., Eroshkin, A. M., & Gordon, B. S. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00177.2019 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationYin, L., Qi, S., & Zhu, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1267170 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Maintenance of muscle mass in adult male mice is independent of testosterone
Davidyan, A., Pathak, S. J., Baar, K., & Bodine, S. C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240278 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphisms in skeletal muscle: current concepts and research horizons
Emmert, M. E., Emmert, A. S., Goh, Q., & Cornwall, R. (2024) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00529.2023 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Androgens induce growth of the limb skeletal muscles in a rapamycin-insensitive manner
Rossetti, M. L., Fukuda, D. H., & Gordon, B. S. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00029.2018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationDillon, E. L., Soman, K. V., Wiktorowicz, J. E., Sur, R., Jupiter, D. C., Danesi, C. P., Randolph, K. M., Gilkison, C. R., Durham, W. J., Urban, R. J., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217690 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rossetti, M. L., Tomko, R. J., & Gordon, B. S. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s11010-020-03963-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationHorwath, O., Moberg, M., Hirschberg, A. L., Ekblom, B. T., & Apró, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.874748 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity, Steroidogenesis, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction
Sheptulina, A. F., Antyukh, K. Y., Kiselev, A. R., Mitkovskaya, N. P., & Drapkina, O. M. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13061415 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
miR-130b inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation in myocytes via targeting Sp1
Wang, Y., Yao, X., Ma, M., Zhang, H., Wang, H., Zhao, L., Liu, S., Sun, C., Li, P., Wu, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mjab012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rossetti, M. L., Dunlap, K. R., Salazar, G., Hickner, R. C., Kim, J., Chase, P. B., Miller, B. F., & Gordon, B. S. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111391 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationACTN3 genotype influences androgen response in developing murine skeletal muscle
Roeszler, K. N., See, M., Meehan, L. R., Lima, G. H. O., Kolliari-Turner, A., Alexander, S. E., Landen, S., Wood, H. D., Tiong, C. F., Chen, W., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw1059 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gordon, B. S., Burns, P. K., Laskin, G. R., Dunlap, K. R., Boykin, J. R., Rossetti, M. L., Fukuda, D. H., & Steiner, J. L. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp284869 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationGordon, B. S., Rossetti, M. L., & Casero, R. A. (2020) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2020-0404 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationSex Difference in Plasma Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Rats
Janovičová, Ľ., Gromová, B., Drobná, D., Konečná, D., Renczés, E., Borbélyová, V., Hodosy, J., & Celec, P. (2021) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934766 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mitochondrial quality control in exercise-mitigated muscular atrophy
Fan, J., Wen, X., Duan, X., Zhu, X., Bai, J., & Zhang, T. (2025) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2025.102074 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sex Difference in Plasma Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Rats
Janovičová, Ľ., Gromová, B., Drobná, D., Konečná, B., Renczés, E., Borbélyová, V., Hodosy, J., & Celec, P. (2021) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549//physiolres.934766
ACTN3 genotype influences androgen response in skeletal musclePreprint
Roeszler, K. N., See, M., Meehan, L. R., Lima, G. H. O., Kolliari-Turner, A., Alexander, S. E., Landen, S., Wood, H. D., Tiong, C. F., Chen, W., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.25.591034
Restoration of circadian rhythm as novel targets against sarcopenia
Wang, T., & Hong, Z. (2026) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000004087
- Authors
- Rossetti, M. L., Steiner, J. L., & Gordon, B. S.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Bradley S.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 473
- Pages
- 178-185
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2793813106
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigiNole (Florida State University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Florida State University
- University of Central Florida
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Keywords
- mitochondrial turnover, skeletal muscle atrophy, autophagy, androgen deficiency, castration, fasting, BNIP3, p62, AMPK, Akt, ERK1/2, tibialis anterior, muscle protein degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Sequestosome-1 Protein, Adenylate Kinase, Animals, Autophagy, Castration, Cell Survival, Fasting, Hydrogen Peroxide, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscular Atrophy, Phenotype, Phosphorylation, Biomarkers, Muscle, Skeletal, Mitochondrial Proteins, Mitochondrial Turnover, Mitophagy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
