Testosterone injection stimulates net protein synthesis but not tissue amino acid transport
Abstract
Testosterone administration (T) increases lean body mass and muscle protein synthesis. We investigated the effects of short-term T on leg muscle protein kinetics and transport of selected amino acids by use of a model based on arteriovenous sampling and muscle biopsy. Fractional synthesis (FSR) and breakdown (FBR) rates of skeletal muscle protein were also directly calculated. Seven healthy men were studied before and 5 days after intramuscular injection of 200 mg of testosterone enanthate. Protein synthesis increased twofold after injection ( P < 0.05), whereas protein breakdown was unchanged. FSR and FBR calculations were in accordance, because FSR increased twofold ( P < 0.05) without a concomitant change in FBR. Net balance between synthesis and breakdown became more positive with both methodologies ( P< 0.05) and was not different from zero. T injection increased arteriovenous essential and nonessential nitrogen balance across the leg ( P < 0.05) in the fasted state, without increasing amino acid transport. Thus T administration leads to an increased net protein synthesis and reutilization of intracellular amino acids in skeletal muscle.
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Testosterone binds to androgen receptors in skeletal muscle, activating anabolic pathways such as mTORC1 and promoting protein synthesis.
“Another example is testosterone, which binds to androgen receptors in skeletal muscle, activating anabolic pathways such as mTORC1 and promoting protein synthesis [184, 185].”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [185]
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- Authors
- Ferrando, A. A., Tipton, K. D., Doyle, D., Phillips, S. M., Cortiella, J., & Wolfe, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Departments of Surgery and
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1998-11-01
- Volume
- 275
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E864-E871
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2122493788
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk033952-14)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 33952)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000073)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- testosterone, testosterone enanthate, muscle protein synthesis, protein degradation, amino acid transport, nitrogen balance, lower limb muscles, lean body mass, muscle hypertrophy, muscle biopsy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alanine, Amino Acids, Biological Transport, Carbon Isotopes, Femoral Artery, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Kinetics, Leucine, Lysine, Male, Models, Biological, Nitrogen Isotopes, Phenylalanine, Regional Blood Flow, Regression Analysis, Testosterone, Time Factors, Protein Biosynthesis, Tritium, Muscle, Skeletal
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