Cited by 249Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and ProtectionLiver Disease and TransplantationPoisoning and overdose treatments

Acute Liver Failure Including Acetaminophen Overdose

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Fontana, Robert J.·2008·Medical Clinics of North America

Abstract

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic, highly unpredictable clinical syndrome defined by the sudden onset of coagulopathy and encephalopathy. Acetaminophen overdose, the leading cause of ALF in the United States, has a 66% chance of recovery with early N-acetylcysteine treatment and supportive care. Cerebral edema and infectious complications are difficult to detect and treat in these patients and may cause irreversible brain damage and multiorgan failure. One-year survival after emergency liver transplantation is 70%, but 20% of listed patients die, highlighting the importance of early referral of patients who have ALF with a poor prognosis to a transplant center.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.03.005

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  • Intentional and unintentional overdose emerged as a leading cause of acute liver failure in many countries and remains one of the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide.

    “Intentional and unintentional overdose emerged as a leading cause of acute liver failure in many countries and remains one of the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide ( 12 – 14 ].”

    From Paracetamol: A History of Assumptions, Errors, and Evidence Reversals in Pain Management (2026) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Diagnosis of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity section (page unavailable) says acetaminophen overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States and other Western countries. The Non-intentional acetaminophen overdose section (page unavailable) confirms that cases include overdoses without suicide intent. The paper does not establish that overdose is among the most common causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Severe toxicity of paracetamol has long been recognized, but it was historically dismissed as a distinct complication of acute overdose.

    “Severe toxicity has long been recognized, but it was historically dismissed as a distinct complication of acute overdose [ 12 , 13 ].”

    From Paracetamol: A History of Assumptions, Errors, and Evidence Reversals in Pain Management (2026) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Diagnosis of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity section describes severe liver injury from acetaminophen and mentions underappreciation of its hepatotoxicity. It does not say that severe toxicity was historically dismissed as a distinct complication of acute overdose. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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Authors
Fontana, R. J.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Fontana, Robert J.
Venue
Medical Clinics of North America
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-07
Volume
92
Issue
4
Pages
761-794
ISSN
0025-7125 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1979020366
Cited by
249
References
134
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Medical Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5u01dk065184-22)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01 DK-065184, UO1 DK058389-07, U01DK058369)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000042)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
Keywords
acute liver failure, acetaminophen overdose, N-acetylcysteine, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, cerebral edema, infectious complications, liver transplantation, survival after liver transplantation
MeSH terms
Acetaminophen, Humans, Prognosis, Liver Transplantation, Liver Failure, Acute, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Drug Overdose

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