Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count: a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy
Abstract
Data are presented to define a unique group of preeclamptic/eclamptic patients with the finding of hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and a low platelet count (LP). This entity has been termed the HELLP syndrome and may occur when the usual clinical findings to diagnose severe preeclampsia are absent. Often the patient is given a nonobstetric diagnosis and treatment is withheld or modified. The possible pathophysiology of this syndrome, the management of the patient, and the maternal and neonatal outcomes are presented. Recognition of the clinical and laboratory findings of the HELLP syndrome is important if early, aggressive therapy is to be initiated to prevent maternal and neonatal death. The practicing obstetrician must be knowledgeable about this severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy.
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The condition produced by sVEGFR1 and soluble endoglin in animals is indistinguishable from the HELLP syndrome observed in humans.
“This condition is indistinguishable from the HELLP syndrome observed in humans(181–184).”
From Metformin, the Aspirin of the 21st Century: Its Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Prevention of Preeclampsia and Cancer, and the Promotion of Longevity (2017) · cites this paper as [181]
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- Authors
- Weinstein, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weinstein, Louis
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1982-01
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159-167
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968774836
- Cited by
- 1,252
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 28.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Keywords
- HELLP syndrome, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, pathophysiology, maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anemia, Hemolytic, Female, Hemolysis, Humans, Hypertension, Infant, Newborn, Liver, Liver Function Tests, Platelet Count, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Syndrome, Thrombocytopenia
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