The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Staphylococcus aureus toxins
Open accessAbstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous pathogen that causes a variety of severe diseases. The virulence of S. aureus is defined by a large repertoire of virulence factors, among which secreted toxins play a preeminent role. Many S. aureus toxins damage biological membranes, leading to cell death. In particular, S. aureus produces potent hemolysins and leukotoxins. Among the latter, some were recently identified to lyse neutrophils after ingestion, representing an especially powerful weapon against bacterial elimination by innate host defense. Furthermore, S. aureus secretes many factors that inhibit the complement cascade or prevent recognition by host defenses. Several further toxins add to this multi-faceted program of S. aureus to evade elimination in the host. This review will give an overview over S. aureus toxins focusing on recent advances in our understanding of how leukotoxins work in receptor-mediated or receptor-independent fashions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Miller, L. G., Perdreau-Remington, F., Rieg, G., Mehdi, S., Perlroth, J., Bayer, A. S., Tang, A. W., Phung, T. O., & Spellberg, B. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa042683 · Cited by 1,053
Wang, R., Braughton, K. R., Kretschmer, D., Bach, T.-H. L., Queck, S. Y., Li, M., Kennedy, A. D., Dorward, D. W., Klebanoff, S. J., Peschel, A., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1656 · Cited by 1,046
Self-citationNeutrophil extracellular traps: Is immunity the second function of chromatin?
Brinkmann, V., & Zychlinsky, A. (2012) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201203170 · Cited by 1,021
Staphylococcus δ-toxin induces allergic skin disease by activating mast cells
Nakamura, Y., Oscherwitz, J., Cease, K. B., Chan, S. M., Muñoz-Planillo, R., Hasegawa, M., Villaruz, A. E., Cheung, G. Y. C., McGavin, M. J., Travers, J. B., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12655 · Cited by 558
Self-citationBasis of Virulence in Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Otto, M. (2010) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134309 · Cited by 457
Self-citationEvolution of virulence in epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Li, M., Diep, B. A., Villaruz, A. E., Braughton, K. R., Jiang, X., DeLeo, F. R., Chambers, H. F., Lu, Y., & Otto, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0900743106 · Cited by 394 · cited 1×
“aureus strains [16,21].”
Self-citationCCR5 is a receptor for Staphylococcus aureus leukotoxin ED
Alonzo III, F., Kozhaya, L., Rawlings, S. A., Reyes-Robles, T., DuMont, A. L., Myszka, D. G., Landau, N. R., Unutmaz, D., & Torres, V. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11724 · Cited by 291
DuMont, A. L., Yoong, P., Day, C. J., Alonzo, F., McDonald, W. H., Jennings, M. P., & Torres, V. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1305121110 · Cited by 216
Cited by
Masters, E. A., Trombetta, R. P., de Mesy Bentley, K. L., Boyce, B. F., Gill, A. L., Gill, S. R., Nishitani, K., Ishikawa, M., Morita, Y., Ito, H., et al. (2019) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-019-0061-z · Cited by 575
The Role of Macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Pidwill, G. R., Gibson, J. F., Cole, J., Renshaw, S. A., & Foster, S. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.620339 · Cited by 341
Kahl, B. C., Becker, K., & Löffler, B. (2016) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00069-15 · Cited by 325
Clinical Impact of Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Linz, M. S., Mattappallil, A., Finkel, D., & Parker, D. (2023) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics12030557 · Cited by 293
Prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Bhattacharya, M., Wozniak, D. J., Stoodley, P., & Hall-Stoodley, L. (2015) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1100533 · Cited by 265
Metadata
- Authors
- Otto, M.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-02
- Volume
- 17
- Pages
- 32-37
- ISSN
- 1369-5274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003484929
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 4.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Staphylococcus aureus toxins. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004
- The paper
- Otto, M. (2014). Staphylococcus aureus toxins. Current Opinion in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
