The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiome
Open accessAbstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a major threat to public health. The pathogens causing these infections can acquire antibiotic resistance genes in a process termed horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT is a common event in the human gut microbiome, that is, the microbial ecosystem of the human intestinal tract. HGT in the gut microbiome can occur via different mechanisms of which transduction and conjugation have been best characterised. Novel bioinformatic tools and experimental approaches have been developed to determine the association of antibiotic resistance genes with their microbial hosts and to quantify the extent of HGT in the gut microbiome. Insights from studies into HGT in the gut microbiome may lead to the development of novel interventions to minimise the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among commensals and opportunistic pathogens.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Citations
Cites
Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913
Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815
CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes
Barrangou, R., Fremaux, C., Deveau, H., Richards, M., Boyaval, P., Moineau, S., Romero, D. A., & Horvath, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138140 · Cited by 5,947
Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Blair, J. M. A., Webber, M. A., Baylay, A. J., Ogbolu, D. O., & Piddock, L. J. V. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3380 · Cited by 4,092
Cassini, A., Högberg, L. D., Plachouras, D., Quattrocchi, A., Hoxha, A., Simonsen, G. S., Colomb-Cotinat, M., Kretzschmar, M., Devleesschauwer, B., Cecchini, M., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30605-4 · Cited by 2,951
Shotgun metagenomics, from sampling to analysis
Quince, C., Walker, A. W., Simpson, J. T., Loman, N. J., & Segata, N. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3935 · Cited by 2,202
Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer
von Wintersdorff, C. J. H., Penders, J., van Niekerk, J. M., Mills, N. D., Majumder, S., van Alphen, L. B., Savelkoul, P. H. M., & Wolffs, P. F. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00173 · Cited by 1,707
The shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens
Forsberg, K. J., Reyes, A., Wang, B., Selleck, E. M., Sommer, M. O. A., & Dantas, G. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1220761 · Cited by 1,650
What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes
Martínez, J. L., Coque, T. M., & Baquero, F. (2014) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3399 · Cited by 1,033
The vocabulary of microbiome research: a proposal
Marchesi, J., & Ravel, J. (2015) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0094-5 · Cited by 1,016
Antibiotic-Resistance Genes in Waste Water
Karkman, A., Thùy, T., Walsh, F., & Virta, M. (2017) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.005 · Cited by 1,011
The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy
Durack, J., & Lynch, S. V. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20180448 · Cited by 975
Culturing the human microbiota and culturomics
Lagier, J., Dubourg, G., Million, M., Cadoret, F., Bilen, M., Fenollar, F., Levasseur, A., Rolain, J., Fournier, P., & Raoult, D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0041-0 · Cited by 920
Pal, C., Bengtsson‐Palme, J., Kristiansson, E., & Larsson, D. G. J. (2015) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2153-5 · Cited by 833
Bacterial transformation: distribution, shared mechanisms and divergent control
Johnston, C., Martin, B., Fichant, G. A., Polard, P., & Claverys, J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3199 · Cited by 802
Metagenome-wide analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in a large cohort of human gut microbiota
Hu, Y., Yang, X., Qin, J., Lü, N., Cheng, G., Wu, N., Pan, Y., Li, J., Zhu, L., Wang, X., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3151 · Cited by 796
Bacteriophages of the Human Gut: The “Known Unknown” of the Microbiome
Shkoporov, A. N., & Hill, C. (2019) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.017 · Cited by 783
DNA uptake during bacterial transformation
Chen, I., & Dubnau, D. A. (2004) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro844 · Cited by 774
Outer Membrane Vesicles of a Human Commensal Mediate Immune Regulation and Disease Protection
Shen, Y., Torchia, M. L. G., Lawson, G. W., Karp, C. L., Ashwell, J. D., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2012) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.08.004 · Cited by 714
Gorrie, C. L., Mirčeta, M., Wick, R. R., Edwards, D., Thomson, N. R., Strugnell, R. A., Pratt, N. F., Garlick, J. S., Watson, K., Pilcher, D. V., et al. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix270 · Cited by 581
Gut Microbiota and Colonization Resistance against Bacterial Enteric Infection
Ducarmon, Q. R., Zwittink, R. D., Hornung, B. V. H., van Schaik, W., Young, V. B., & Kuijper, E. J. (2019) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00007-19 · Cited by 566
Antibiotic treatment expands the resistance reservoir and ecological network of the phage metagenome
Modi, S. R., Lee, H. H., Spina, C. S., & Collins, J. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12212 · Cited by 542
Huddleston, J. R. (2014) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s48820 · Cited by 538
Shoemaker, N. B., Vlamakis, H. C., Hayes, K., & Salyers, A. A. (2001) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.67.2.561-568.2001 · Cited by 529
Extracellular membrane vesicles in the three domains of life and beyond
Gill, S., Catchpole, R. J., & Forterre, P. (2018) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuy042 · Cited by 523
Broad host range plasmids can invade an unexpectedly diverse fraction of a soil bacterial community
Klümper, U., Riber, L., Dechesne, A., Sannazzaro, A. I., Hansen, L. H., Sørensen, S. J., & Smets, B. F. (2014) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.191 · Cited by 470
Evolution of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in the Clinical Context
Millán, Á. S. (2018) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.007 · Cited by 454
Che, Y., Xia, Y., Liu, L., Li, A.-D., Yang, Y., & Zhang, T. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0663-0 · Cited by 422
Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture
Thanner, S., Drissner, D., & Walsh, F. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02227-15 · Cited by 408
Global Emergence and Dissemination of Enterococci as Nosocomial Pathogens: Attack of the Clones?
Prieto, A. M. G., van Schaik, W., Rogers, M. R. C., Coque, T. M., Baquero, F., Corander, J., & Willems, R. J. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00788 · Cited by 405
van Schaik, W. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0087 · Cited by 372
Rumbo, C., Fernández-Moreira, E., Merino, M., Poza, M., Mendez, J. A., Soares, N. C., Mosquera, A., Cháves, F., & Bou, G. (2011) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.00929-10 · Cited by 353
Vesicle-Mediated Transfer of Virulence Genes from Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Other Enteric Bacteria
Yaron, S., Kolling, G. L., Simon, L. D., & Matthews, K. R. (2000) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4414-4420.2000 · Cited by 338
Epidemiology and burden of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in a developing country
Lim, C., Takahashi, E., Hongsuwan, M., Wuthiekanun, V., Thamlikitkul, V., Hinjoy, S., Day, N., Peacock, S. J., & Limmathurotsakul, D. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.18082 · Cited by 320
Outer-Inner Membrane Vesicles Naturally Secreted by Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria
Pérez-Cruz, C., Delgado, L., López‐Iglesias, C., & Mercadé, E. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116896 · Cited by 288
Genome hypermobility by lateral transduction
Chen, J. Y.-S., Quiles‐Puchalt, N., Chiang, Y. N., Bacigalupe, R., Fillol-Salom, A., Chee, M. S. J., Fitzgerald, J. R., & Penadés, J. R. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat5867 · Cited by 288
Linking the resistome and plasmidome to the microbiome
Stalder, T., Press, M. O., Sullivan, S. T., Liachko, I., & Top, E. M. (2019) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0446-4 · Cited by 288
Towards an integrated model of bacterial conjugation
Cabezón, E., Ripoll‐Rozada, J., Peña, A., de la Cruz, F., & Aréchaga, I. (2014) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12085 · Cited by 284
Molecular mechanisms of CRISPR–Cas spacer acquisition
McGinn, J., & Marraffini, L. A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0071-7 · Cited by 268
Lester, C. H., Frimodt‐Møller, N., Sørensen, T. L., Monnet, D. L., & Hammerum, A. M. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.50.2.596-599.2006 · Cited by 238
Host range of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent
Hultman, J., Tamminen, M. V., Pärnänen, K. M. M., Cairns, J., Karkman, A., & Virta, M. (2018) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1093/femsec/fiy038 · Cited by 238
The Mortality Burden of Multidrug-resistant Pathogens in India: A Retrospective, Observational Study
Gandra, S., Tseng, K. K., Arora, A., Bhowmik, B., Robinson, M. L., Panigrahi, B. P., Laxminarayan, R., & Klein, E. Y. (2018) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciy955 · Cited by 238
Spencer, S. J., Tamminen, M. V., Preheim, S. P., Guo, M., Briggs, A. W., Brito, I., Weitz, D. A., Pitkänen, L. K., Vigneault, F., Virta, M., et al. (2015) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.124 · Cited by 233
Stewardson, A. J., Marimuthu, K., Sengupta, S., Allignol, A., El-Bouseary, M. M., Carvalho, M. J., Hassan, B., Delgado-Ramírez, M. A., Arora, A., Bagga, R., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30792-8 · Cited by 219
Genetic transduction by phages and chromosomal islands: The new and noncanonical
Chiang, Y. N., Penadés, J. R., & Chen, J. Y.-S. (2019) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007878 · Cited by 215
Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method
Ruppé, É., Ghozlane, A., Tap, J., Pons, N., Alvarez, A., Maziers, N., Cuesta, T., Hernando‐Amado, S., Clares, I., Martínez, J. L., et al. (2018) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-018-0292-6 · Cited by 205
Safety considerations of DNA in food
Jonas, D. A., Elmadfa, I., Engel, K.-H., Heller, K. J., Kozianowski, G., König, A., Müller, D., Narbonne, J. F., Wackernagel, W., & Kleiner, J. (2001) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000046734 · Cited by 187
Smith, H. W. (1969) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92164-3 · Cited by 186
Marbouty, M., Cournac, A., Flot, J., Marie-Nelly, H., Mozziconacci, J., & Koszul, R. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.03318 · Cited by 186
Viral communities of the human gut: metagenomic analysis of composition and dynamics
Aggarwala, V., Liang, G., & Bushman, F. D. (2017) · Mobile DNA · doi:10.1186/s13100-017-0095-y · Cited by 185
Viruses as key reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment
Debroas, D., & Siguret, C. (2019) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0478-9 · Cited by 179
Natural competence for transformation
Blokesch, M. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.058 · Cited by 176
Conjugative Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for the Selective Depletion of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococci
Rodrigues, M., McBride, S. W., Hullahalli, K., Palmer, K. L., & Duerkop, B. A. (2019) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01454-19 · Cited by 173
Dunn, S. J., Connor, C. H., & McNally, A. (2019) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.06.004 · Cited by 172
Horizontal gene transfer overrides mutation in Escherichia coli colonizing the mammalian gut
Frazão, N., Sousa, A., Lässig, M., & Gordo, I. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1906958116 · Cited by 172
Song, W.-Z., Wemheuer, B., Zhang, S., Steensen, K., & Thomas, T. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0649-y · Cited by 160
Yaffe, E., & Relman, D. A. (2019) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-019-0625-0 · Cited by 160
Metagenomic binning and association of plasmids with bacterial host genomes using DNA methylation
Beaulaurier, J., Zhu, S., Deikus, G. Y., Mogno, I., Zhang, X., Davis‐Richardson, A. G., Canepa, R., Triplett, E. W., Faith, J. J., Sebra, R., et al. (2017) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4037 · Cited by 150
Identification and reconstruction of novel antibiotic resistance genes from metagenomes
Berglund, F., Österlund, T., Boulund, F., Marathe, N. P., Larsson, D. G. J., & Kristiansson, E. (2019) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-019-0670-1 · Cited by 140
Transfer of Carbapenem-Resistant Plasmid fromKlebsiella pneumoniaeST258 toEscherichia coliin Patient
Goren, M. G., Carmeli, Y., Schwaber, M. J., Chmelnitsky, I., Schechner, V., & Navon‐Venezia, S. (2010) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1606.091671 · Cited by 138
Marbouty, M., Baudry, L., Cournac, A., & Koszul, R. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602105 · Cited by 134
Structural biology of the Gram-negative bacterial conjugation systems
Ilangovan, A., Connery, S., & Waksman, G. (2015) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2015.02.012 · Cited by 133
Diverse mobilization strategies facilitate transfer of non-conjugative mobile genetic elements
Ramsay, J. P., & Firth, N. (2017) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.003 · Cited by 132
Bickhart, D. M., Watson, M., Koren, S., Panke-Buisse, K., Cersosimo, L. M., Press, M. O., Tassell, C. P. V., Kessel, J. A. S. V., Haley, B. J., Kim, S. W., et al. (2019) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-019-1760-x · Cited by 131
Pull in and Push Out: Mechanisms of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria
Sun, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02154 · Cited by 130
Enterococcal vanB resistance locus in anaerobic bacteria in human faeces
Stinear, T. P., Olden, D., Johnson, P. D. R., Davies, J. K., & Grayson, M. L. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04206-9 · Cited by 127
Stentz, R., Horn, N., Cross, K. L., Salt, L. J., Brearley, C. A., Livermore, D. M., & Carding, S. R. (2014) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dku466 · Cited by 124
Launay, A., Ballard, S. A., Johnson, P. D. R., Grayson, M. L., & Lambert, T. (2006) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.50.3.1054-1062.2006 · Cited by 113
Klieve, A. V., Yokoyama, M. T., Forster, R. J., Ouwerkerk, D., Bain, P. A., & Mawhinney, E. L. (2005) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.71.8.4248-4253.2005 · Cited by 106
Raven, K. E., Gouliouris, T., Brodrick, H. J., Coll, F., Brown, N. M., Reynolds, R., Reuter, S., Török, M. E., Parkhill, J., & Peacock, S. J. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciw872 · Cited by 103
Press, M. O., Wiser, A. H., Kronenberg, Z. N., Langford, K. W., Shakya, M., Lo, C.-C., Mueller, K. A., Sullivan, S. T., Chain, P. S. G., & Liachko, I. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/198713 · Cited by 103
Colonizing opportunistic pathogens (COPs): The beasts in all of us
Price, L. B., Hungate, B. A., Koch, B. J., Davis, G. S., & Liu, C. M. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006369 · Cited by 100
In Vivo Horizontal Gene Transfer of the Carbapenemase OXA-48 During a Nosocomial Outbreak
Göttig, S., Gruber, T. M., Stecher, B., Wichelhaus, T. A., & Kempf, V. A. J. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ191 · Cited by 98
Hasegawa, H., Suzuki, É., & Maeda, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02365 · Cited by 86
Munck, C., Sheth, R. U., Freedberg, D. E., & Wang, H. H. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14012-5 · Cited by 82
Current and Promising Approaches to Identify Horizontal Gene Transfer Events in Metagenomes
Douglas, G. M., & Langille, M. G. I. (2019) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evz184 · Cited by 80
Dehoux, P., Marvaud, J., Abouelleil, A., Earl, A. M., Lambert, T., & Dauga, C. (2016) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3152-x · Cited by 72
Sitaraman, R. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0551-z · Cited by 71
Porse, A., Gumpert, H., Kubicek-Sutherland, J. Z., Karami, N., Adlerberth, I., Wold, A. E., Andersson, D. I., & Sommer, M. O. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00126 · Cited by 67
Biochemical mechanisms determine the functional compatibility of heterologous genes
Porse, A., Schou, T. S., Munck, C., Ellabaan, M. M. H., & Sommer, M. O. A. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02944-3 · Cited by 67
Wilcks, A., van Hoek, A. H. A. M., Joosten, R. G., Jacobsen, B., & Aarts, H. J. M. (2003) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.10.013 · Cited by 55
MetaCherchant: analyzing genomic context of antibiotic resistance genes in gut microbiota
Olekhnovich, E. I., Vasilyev, A. T., Игоревич, У. В., Kostryukova, E., & Tyakht, A. (2017) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btx681 · Cited by 39
Fernández‐Orth, D., Miró, E., Brown-Jaque, M., Rodríguez‐Rubio, L., Espinal, P., Rodríguez-Navarro, J., González‐López, J. J., Muniesa, M., & Navarro, F. (2018) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dky540 · Cited by 39
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chaturvedi, P., Shukla, P., Giri, B. S., Chowdhary, P., Chandra, R., Gupta, P., & Pandey, A. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.110664 · Cited by 718
Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives
Merenstein, D., Pot, B., Leyer, G., Ouwehand, A. C., Preidis, G. A., Elkins, C. A., Hill, C., Lewis, Z. T., Shane, A. L., Zmora, N., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2185034 · Cited by 481
Li, S., Wu, Y., Zheng, H., Li, H., Zheng, Y., Nan, J., Ma, J., Nagarajan, D., & Chang, J. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136977 · Cited by 279
Feng, G., Huang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126602 · Cited by 255
The spread of antibiotic resistance to humans and potential protection strategies
Ding, D., Wang, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Gao, Z., & Yu, Z. (2023) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114734 · Cited by 239
Metadata
- Authors
- McInnes, R. S., McCallum, G. E., Lamberte, L. E., & van Schaik, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lamberte, Lisa E
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-02
- Volume
- 53
- Pages
- 35-43
- ISSN
- 1369-5274 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3009269518
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Wellcome Trust
- Royal Society
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- horizontal gene transfer, antibiotic resistance genes, human gut microbiome, transduction, conjugation, antibiotic resistance spread, commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogens
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Bacterial Proteins, Humans, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review