Polydopamine-coated bioactive glass for immunomodulation and odontogenesis in pulpitis
Open accessAbstract
Preserving vital pulp in cases of dental pulpitis is desired but remains challenging. Previous research has shown that bioactive glass (BG) possesses notable capabilities for odontogenic differentiation. However, the immunoregulatory potential of BG for inflamed pulp is still controversial, which is essential for preserving vital pulp in the context of pulpitis. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing polydopamine-coated BG (BG-PDA) which demonstrates the ability to alleviate inflammation and promote odontogenesis for vital pulp therapy. In vitro, BG-PDA has the potential to induce M2 polarization of macrophages, resulting in decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor, and enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor expression. Furthermore, BG-PDA can strengthen the mitochondrial function in macrophages and facilitate odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. In a rat model of pulpitis, BG-PDA exhibits the capacity to promote M2 polarization of macrophages, alleviate inflammation, and facilitate dentin bridge formation. This study highlights the notable immunomodulatory and odontogenesis-inducing properties of BG-PDA for treating dental pulpitis, as evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These results imply that BG-PDA could serve as a promising biomaterial for vital pulp therapy.
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PDA's multimodal adhesion mechanism enables it to firmly attach to nearly all classes of material surfaces, irrespective of their chemical composition or surface wettability, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic as well as organic and inorganic substrates.
“This multimodal adhesion mechanism enables PDA to firmly attach to nearly all classes of material surfaces, irrespective of their chemical composition or surface wettability, including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic as well as organic and inorganic substrates.”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results (Characterization of BG-PDA; page unavailable) confirm that PDA coated bioactive glass, and the Discussion links PDA coating to mussel-inspired adhesion. The paper does not establish a multimodal adhesion mechanism or attachment across nearly all materials regardless of composition or wettability, including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth PDA and its in vivo degradation products display negligible cytotoxicity and immunogenicity.
“Extensive in vitro cellular assays and in vivo animal studies have confirmed that both PDA and its in vivo degradation products display negligible cytotoxicity and immunogenicity.”
From Polydopamine-Based Biomaterials in Oral Medicine: Applications, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
The Results section (“Odontogenesis promotion and inflammation inhibition by BG-PDA”; page unavailable) reports that nearly all dental pulp cells remained alive when cultured with PDA-coated bioactive glass, supporting biocompatibility of that composite under the tested conditions. The Introduction says PDA degradation byproducts reduced inflammation in LPS-stimulated macrophages, but the paper does not establish negligible cytotoxicity or immunogenicity for PDA and its in vivo degradation products. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Li, J., Wu, J., Zhu, L., Mao, S., Wang, S., Jia, P., & Dong, Y.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Yanmei
- Venue
- Materials Today Bio
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-08
- Volume
- 27
- Pages
- 101130
- ISSN
- 2590-0064 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11255122
- OpenAlex
- W4399881173
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10
- FWCI
- 5.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Materials Today Bio (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870753, 82370946)
- Peking University Health Science Centre (BMU2024YFJHPY038)
- Peking University
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- polydopamine coating, bioactive glass, pulpitis, vital pulp therapy, immunomodulation, tooth development, M2 macrophage polarization, macrophage inflammation, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, dentin bridge formation, dental pulp cells, biomaterials
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