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Cited by 172Blood properties and coagulationRheology and Fluid Dynamics StudiesErythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology

The dynamic behavior of chemically “stiffened” red blood cells in microchannel flows

Forsyth, Alison M., Wan, Jiandi, Ristenpart, William D., Stone, Howard A.·2010·Microvascular Research
DOI 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.03.008
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Abstract

The rigidity of red blood cells (RBCs) plays an important role in whole blood viscosity and is correlated with several cardiovascular diseases. Two chemical agents that are commonly used to study cell deformation are diamide and glutaraldehyde. Despite diamide's common usage, there are discrepancies in the literature surrounding diamide's effect on the deformation of RBCs in shear and pressure-driven flows; in particular, shear flow experiments have shown that diamide stiffens cells, while pressure-driven flow in capillaries did not give this result. We performed pressure-driven flow experiments with RBCs in a microfluidic constriction and quantified the cell dynamics using high-speed imaging. Diamide, which affects RBCs by cross-linking spectrin skeletal membrane proteins, did not reduce deformation and showed an unchanged effective strain rate when compared to healthy cells. In contrast, glutaraldehyde, which is a non-specific fixative that acts on all components of the cell, did reduce deformation and showed increased instances of tumbling, both of which are characteristic features of stiffened, or rigidified, cells. Because glutaraldehyde increases the effective viscosity of the cytoplasm and lipid membrane while diamide does not, one possible explanation for our results is that viscous effects in the cytoplasm and/or lipid membrane are a dominant factor in dictating dynamic responses of RBCs in pressure-driven flows. Finally, literature on the use of diamide as a stiffening agent is summarized, and provides supporting evidence for our conclusions.

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Authors
Forsyth, A. M., Wan, J., Ristenpart, W. D., & Stone, H. A.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Princeton University (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Stone, Howard A.
ORCID
Venue
Microvascular Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-07
Volume
80
Issue
1
Pages
37-43
ISSN
0026-2862 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.mvr.2010.03.008
OpenAlex
W2134443550
Cited by
172
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
FWCI
6.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Microvascular Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Harvard University
  • Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Blood properties and coagulation
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
Keywords
erythrocyte deformability, cell stiffness, diamide, glutaraldehyde, pressure-driven flow, cytoplasmic viscosity, membrane viscosity, shear flow, blood viscosity
MeSH terms
Cytoplasm, Diamide, Elasticity, Erythrocyte Deformability, Erythrocyte Membrane, Erythrocytes, Glutaral, Humans, Motion, Viscosity, Hemorheology, Microfluidics, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques

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