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Is there a core neural network in empathy? An fMRI based quantitative meta-analysis
Abstract
Whilst recent neuroimaging studies have identified a series of different brain regions as being involved in empathy, it remains unclear concerning the activation consistence of these brain regions and their specific functional roles. Using MKDA, a whole-brain based quantitative meta-analysis of recent fMRI studies of empathy was performed. This analysis identified the dACC-aMCC-SMA and bilateral anterior insula as being consistently activated in empathy. Hypothesizing that what are here termed affective-perceptual and cognitive-evaluative forms of empathy might be characterized by different activity patterns, the neural activations in these forms of empathy were compared. The dorsal aMCC was demonstrated to be recruited more frequently in the cognitive-evaluative form of empathy, whilst the right anterior insula was found to be involved in the affective-perceptual form of empathy only. The left anterior insula was active in both forms of empathy. It was concluded that the dACC-aMCC-SMA and bilateral insula can be considered as forming a core network in empathy, and that cognitive-evaluative and affective-perceptual empathy can be distinguished at the level of regional activation.
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In the citing paper
“the literature currently lacks a specific meta-analytic investigation and comprehensive systematic review on the relationship between empathy and the MNS.”
From Is the Putative Mirror Neuron System Associated with Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Fan, Duncan, de Greck, & Northoff, 2011
In the citing paper
“Similar to previous findings (Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011; Shamay-Tsoory, 2011), whole-brain analyses of the contrast of painful vs. neutral expressions revealed activations in both the empathy network, including the anterior cingulate and bilateral AI/inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the theory-of-mind network, including the mPFC, left TPJ, and right temporal pole (TP) (all activations”
From A neurobiological association of revenge propensity during intergroup conflict (2020) · cites this paper as Fan et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Interoception-related meta-representation of emotion has thus been suggested to underlie the concomitant involvement of the aMCC/SMA and AI/IFG in neuroimaging studies on empathy as reflecting affective sharing (Singer and Lamm 2009; Fan et al. 2011).”
From Parsing the neural correlates of moral cognition: ALE meta-analysis on morality, theory of mind, and empathy (2012) · cites this paper as Fan et al. 2011
In the citing paper
“Two recent cross-sectional meta-analyses suggest that empathy for pain crucially involves anterior insula (AI) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) (Fan et al., 2011;Lamm et al., 2011).”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Fan et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“These results align with and extend previous crosssectional meta-analytic findings on a crucial role of insula and aMCC in empathy for pain (Fan et al., 2011;Lamm et al., 2011)”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Fan et al., 2011
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Reality TV and vicarious embarrassment: An fMRI study
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“Most interesting, many of the activated areas found in this study match results concerning the core network for empathy (Fan et al., 2011), which gives another hint for the relation between VE and empathy.”
ResultSpatiotemporal Brain Dynamics of Empathy for Pain and Happiness in Friendship
Wang, Y., Song, J., Guo, F., Zhang, Z., Yuan, S., & Cacioppo, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00045 · Cited by 32
“…bodies) and/or various priming paradigms depicting people in pain (e.g., Jackson et al., 2005, 2006; Ogino et al., 2007; Cheng et al., 2007; Gu and Han, 2007a; Lamm et al., 2007a,b; Morrison and Downing, 2007; Morrison et al., 2007; Saarela et al., 2007; Yamada and Decety, 2009; Fan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialLinking empathy to visuospatial perspective-taking in gambling addiction
Tomei, A., Besson, J., & Grivel, J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.061 · Cited by 33
“For example, cocaine users exhibited decreased activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region implicated in reward processing and associated with emotional and cognitive empathy (Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory, 2011; Fan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStrekalova, Y. A., Kong, S., Kleinheksel, A. J., & Gerstenfeld, A. (2019) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2019.04.004 · Cited by 37
The Neural Basis of Empathy and Empathic Behavior in the Context of Chronic Trauma
Lévy, J., Yirmiya, K., Goldstein, A., & Feldman, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00562 · Cited by 37
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“midcingulate cortex was found to be activated more frequently in the cognitive- evaluative form of empathy, while the right anterior insula was activated only in the affective-perceptive form of empathy [13].”
BackgroundEffects of empathic social responses on the emotions of the recipient
Seehausen, M., Kazzer, P., Bajbouj, M., Heekeren, H. R., Jacobs, A. M., Klann-Delius, G., Menninghaus, W., & Prehn, K. (2016) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.11.004 · Cited by 33
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Physical coldness enhances racial in-group bias in empathy: Electrophysiological evidence
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“A meta-analysis suggested that the left insula is involved in both the cognitive–evaluative and affective–perceptual forms of empathy (Fan et al., 2011).”
Neural representation of the parent–child attachment from infancy to adulthood
Ulmer-Yaniv, A., Waidergoren, S., Shaked, A., Salomon, R., & Feldman, R. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab132 · Cited by 35
“, 2019), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a higher-order limbic interface of social, affective and representational functions (Bush et al., 2000; Fan et al., 2011), and temporal regions implicated in social understanding, embodiment and mentalization (Frith and Frith, 2003; Mar, 2011; Qin et al.”
BackgroundThe role of the anterior insula during targeted helping behavior in male rats
Cox, S. S., Kearns, A. M., Woods, S. K., Brown, B. J., Brown, S., & Reichel, C. M. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07365-3 · Cited by 30
Is morality a gadget? Nature, nurture and culture in moral development
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The Dialectic Between Empathy and Violence: An Opportunity for Intervention?
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Empathy-Related Responses to Depicted People in Art Works
Kesner, L., & Horáček, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00228 · Cited by 35
“…of MNS in empathy-related responses to socially salient signals continue to be subjects of intense debate (e.g., Decety, 2010b; Baird et al., 2011; Fan et al., 2011; Gallese and Sinigaglia, 2011; Hickok, 2013; Spaulding, 2013; Caramazza et al., 2014; Mikulan et al., 2014; Ando et al., 2015;…”
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Baez-Lugo, S., Deza-Araujo, Y. I., Maradan, C., Collette, F., Antoine Lutz, A., Marchant, N. L., Chételat, G., Vuilleumier, P. O., Klimecki, O., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., et al. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-022-00341-6 · Cited by 31
“These encompassed aMCC and AI, both implicated in empathy for pain 28,39 , saliency detection 51,52 and negative affect 53 , as well as TPJ and dMPFC, implicated in cognitive aspects of empathy and theory of mind 28,40 .”
InfluentialDing, R., Ren, J., Li, S., Zhu, X., Zhang, K., & Luo, W. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107286 · Cited by 30
Empathy and feedback processing in active and observational learning
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A Behavioral Genetic Study of Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Dimensions of Narcissism
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“Third, our results echo with neuroimaging findings of different neural substrates for biased self-positivity [40–43], which encompasses grandiosity [19,24], and empathy [44,45], a characteristic closely related to entitlement [29].”
ResultIvey, A. E., & Daniels, T. G. (2016) · International Journal of Listening · doi:10.1080/10904018.2016.1173815 · Cited by 36
Michaelian, J. C., Mowszowski, L., Guastella, A. J., Henry, J. D., Duffy, S. L., McCade, D., & Naismith, S. L. (2019) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617719000870 · Cited by 30
“This finding, which is contrary to our initial hypotheses given our understanding that the amygdala is associated with the processing of positive and negative emotional valence stimuli, requires further investigation (Allison et al., 2000; Berridge and Kringelbach, 2013; Fan et al., 2011; Singer et al., 2004; Van Over…”
BackgroundResultFunctional neuroanatomy of racial categorization from visual perception: A meta-analytic study
Bagnis, A., Celeghin, A., Diano, M., Mendez, C. A., Spadaro, G., Mosso, C. O., Avenanti, A., & Tamietto, M. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116939 · Cited by 30
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“15 The association we found between midbrain atrophy and lower PT confirms recent meta-analyses of task-related fMRI studies demonstrating the region’s consistent involvement in empathy for different bodily and feeling states (Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011; Bzdok et al., 2012).”
ResultEmbodied neural responses to others’ suffering
Han, X., Luo, S., & Han, S. (2015) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2015.1053440 · Cited by 33
Emotion self-regulation and empathy depend upon longer stimulus exposure
Ikezawa, S., Corbera, S., & Wexler, B. E. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst148 · Cited by 28
“Moreover, another meta-analysis of fMRI studies of empathy not restricted to painful stimuli also identified dorsal anterior cingulate cortex–aMCC–supplementary motor area and bilateral AI as being consistently activated (Fan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundWu, X., Xu, F., Chen, X., Wang, L., Huang, W., Wan, K., Ji, G., Xiao, G., Xu, S. H., Yu, F., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00446 · Cited by 28
Gao, Y., Rogers, J. C., Pauli, R., Clanton, R. L., Baker, R., Birch, P., Ferreira, L., Brown, A., Freitag, C. M., Fairchild, G. F., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52261-y · Cited by 28
Reappraisal and empathic perspective-taking – More alike than meets the eyes
Morawetz, C., Berboth, S., Kohn, N., Jackson, P. L., & Jauniaux, J. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119194 · Cited by 30
“Previous meta-analyses highlighted a similar pattern of neural activation for empathy (Bzdok et al., 2012; Fallon et al., 2020; Fan et al., 2011; Jauniaux et al., 2019; Kogler et al., 2020; Lamm et al., 2011; Schurz et al., 2020; Timmers et al., 2018).”
ResultYou Turn Me Cold: Evidence for Temperature Contagion
Cooper, E. A., Garlick, J., Featherstone, E., Voon, V., Singer, T., Critchley, H., & Harrison, N. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116126 · Cited by 32
“Most have been performed in the domain of pain and show an overlapping anterior insula and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) network underlying both the first-hand experience of pain as well as its observation in others [19, 20] for meta-analyses see [21, 22].”
BackgroundPsychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Measure of Empathy and Sympathy
Wang, Y., Wen, Z., Fu, Y., & Zheng, L. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.019 · Cited by 28
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“The ACC and insula are the core regions of the empathy network, and the ACC is recruited mainly in the cognitive component of empathy whereas the insula is activated in both cognitive–evaluative and affective–perceptual forms of empathy (Fan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStoica, T., & Depue, B. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.571070 · Cited by 32
Attachment styles modulate neural markers of threat and imagery when engaging in self-criticism
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Physical attractiveness and sex as modulatory factors of empathic brain responses to pain
Jankowiak-Siuda, K., Rymarczyk, K., Żurawski, Ł., Jednoróg, K., & Marchewka, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00236 · Cited by 31
“Our findings support the well-documented evidence that these brain regions are essential for empathetic processing (Singer et al., 2004; Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialRight-Hemisphere Pragmatic Disorders
Blake, M. L. (2017) · Perspectives in pragmatics, psychology & philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47489-2_10 · Cited by 27
Grimm, S., Wirth, K., Fan, Y., Weigand, A., Gärtner, M., Feeser, M., Dziobek, I., Bajbouj, M., & Aust, S. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.047 · Cited by 32
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“involved in both affective and cognitive empathy (Fan et al., 2011).”
Development and validation of the empathy scale for teachers (EST)
Wang, X., Zhang, L., Peng, Y.-F., Lu, J.-M., Huang, Y., & Chen, W.-Y. (2022) · Studies in Educational Evaluation · doi:10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101112 · Cited by 22
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“process, notably the bilateral anterior insula (AI) and the anterior part of the midcingulate cortex (aMCC; note that activity often extends to the supplementary motor area [SMA]) (Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011).”
Neural effects of oxytocin and mimicry in frontotemporal dementia: A randomized crossover study
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Identifying with fictive characters: structural brain correlates of the personality trait ‘fantasy’
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“Neuroimaging studies on affective responses towards other people, particularly towards other people in pain, point to a role of the anterior insula in empathy [Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011].”
BackgroundSwain, J. E., & Ho, S.-H. S. (2019) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12770 · Cited by 26
Comparing two facets of emotion perception across multiple neurodegenerative diseases
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“This overlap should include socio-affective areas, such as ACC, aMCC, SMA, AI, PCC, anterior thalamus, IFG, IPL andmidbrain (Bzdok et al., 2012; Fan et al., 2011), as well as socio- cognitive areas such as the TPJ, precuneus, STS, temporal poles and mPFC (Bzdok et al., 2012; Schurz et al., 2014).”
BackgroundImpact of couple conflict and mediation on how romantic partners are seen: An fMRI study
Rafi, H., Bogacz, F., Sander, D., & Klimecki, O. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.036 · Cited by 26
da Costa, C. R., Soares, J. M., Oliveira‐Silva, P., Sampaio, A., & Coutinho, J. F. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718400 · Cited by 26
How pain empathy depends on ingroup/outgroup decisions: A functional magnet resonance imaging study
Ruckmann, J., Bodden, M., Jansen, A., Kircher, T. T. J., Dodel, R. C., & Rief, W. (2015) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.006 · Cited by 29
“In general, perceived empathy given by the therapist is positively associated with better therapy outcome (Greenberg et al., 2001; Bohart et al., 2002; Elliott et al., 2011), perceived interaction quality (Dibbelt et al.”
Roepke, S., & Vater, A. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-014-0445-0 · Cited by 26
Neural Correlates of Empathy with Pain Show Habituation Effects. An fMRI Study
Preis, M. A., Kröner‐Herwig, B., Schmidt‐Samoa, C., Dechent, P., & Barke, A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137056 · Cited by 29
“We found significant habituation in the left AI/MIC, an area that corresponds well with the left insula/IFG cluster reported by Fan and colleagues [37].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVistoli, D., Lavoie, M.-A., Sutliff, S., Jackson, P. L., & Achim, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.160136 · Cited by 25
Motomura, Y., Takeshita, A., Egashira, Y., Nishimura, T., Kim, Y.-K., & Watanuki, S. (2015) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-015-0049-3 · Cited by 26
“Neuroimaging studies have shown an association between empathy and various neural networks including the amygdala, anterior insula, ACC, precuneus, and frontal orbital cortex [19-21].”
Shi, L., Zhou, H., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Fang, Y.-M., He, Y., Ou, J., Li, H., Luo, X., Cheung, E. F. C., et al. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102167 · Cited by 30
Brain activity of the emotional circuit in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait
Sarasso, E., Agosta, F., Piramide, N., Canu, E., Volonté, M. A., & Filippi, M. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102649 · Cited by 25
“A single mask including areas involved in emotional processes (affective and cognitive empathy, self-reflective thought and fronto-parietal MNS) (Adolphs, 2002; Fan et al., 2011; Rizzolatti, 2005) was created from the AAL brain atlas (Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002) and applied to the SPM dataset using WFU Pickatlas (Ma…”
InfluentialNeural mechanisms of modulations of empathy and altruism by beliefs of others’ pain
Wu, T., & Han, S. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.66043 · Cited by 26
“, the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC] and temporoparietal junction [TPJ]) (Singer et al., 2004; Jackson et al., 2005; Avenanti et al., 2005; Saarela et al., 2007; Fan and Han, 2008; Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009; Han et al., 2009; Sheng and Han, 2012; Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011; Zhou and Han, 2021).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe neural computation of human prosocial choices in complex motivational states
Saulin, A., Horn, U., Lotze, M., Kaiser, J., & Hein, G. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118827 · Cited by 25
Neural representations of vicarious rewards are linked to interoception and prosocial behaviour
Contreras-Huerta, L. S., Coll, M., Bird, G., Yu, H., Prosser, A. M. B., Lockwood, P. L., Murphy, J., Crockett, M. J., & Apps, M. A. J. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119881 · Cited by 26
The role of external factors in affect-sharing and their neural bases
Gamble, R. S., Henry, J. D., Decety, J., & Vanman, E. J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105540 · Cited by 25
“…(Engen and Singer, 2013; Lamm et al., 2011; Timmers et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2014), with one meta-analysis specifically implicating the bilateral AI and dorsal ACC (dACC) as a key affect-sharing nodes primarily for pain and negative emotions such as sadness and disgust (Fan et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCanizales, D. L., Voisin, J. I. A., Michon, P., Roy, M., & Jackson, P. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00849 · Cited by 23
“Indeed, several neuroimaging studies found a partial overlap between cerebral circuits involved during actual experience of pain (known as the pain matrix) and during the observation of other’s pain (for a recent review see Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSocio-cognitive functioning in stimulant polysubstance users
Kroll, S. L., Wunderli, M. D., Vonmoos, M., Hulka, L. M., Preller, K. H., Bosch, O. G., Baumgartner, M. R., & Quednow, B. B. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.001 · Cited by 29
Neurogenetic Mechanisms of Self-Compassionate Mindfulness: the Role of Oxytocin-Receptor Genes
Wang, Y., Fan, L., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Wang, C., Gu, L., Zhong, S., Huang, Y., Xie, X., Zhou, H., et al. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01141-7 · Cited by 26
“These regions include the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ), medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), precuneus, anterior insula, and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (Engen and Singer 2013; Fan et al. 2011; Singer et al. 2004).”
BackgroundHan, X., He, K., Wu, B., Shi, Z., Liu, Y., Luo, S., Wei, K., Wu, X., & Han, S. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx016 · Cited by 23
“…motor area (SMA), bilateral anterior insula and inferior frontal cortex (AI/IFG) and second somatosensory cortex (SII) (Singer et al., 2004; Jackson et al., 2005; Gu and Han, 2007; Han et al., 2009; Sheng et al., 2014; Krach et al., 2015; see Fan et al., 2011 and Lamm et al., 2011 for review).”
BackgroundUnderstanding empathy and its disorders through a focus on the neural mechanism.
Preston, S. D., Ermler, M., Lei, Y., & Bickel, L. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.001 · Cited by 23
Shi, K., Pang, X., Wang, Y., Li, C., Long, Q., & Zheng, J. (2021) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02706-x · Cited by 23
“The anterior INS primarily correlates with emotional experience, emotional response, and cognitive function, and it plays a crucial role in these processes [30, 31].”
BackgroundAffective mirror and anti-mirror neurons relate to prosocial help in rats
Wu, W., Cheng, Y., Liang, K., Lee, R. X., & Yen, C. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105865 · Cited by 23
Right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy impairs empathy-related brain responses to dynamic fearful faces
Toller, G., Adhimoolam, B., Grünwald, T., Huppertz, H., Kurthen, M., Rankin, K. P., & Jokeit, H. (2015) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7622-2 · Cited by 23
“Moreover, an emotional asymmetry of the left and right AI has been demonstrated, with the left AI primarily involved in cognitive-evaluative forms of empathy and group-oriented (affiliative) emotions, and the right AI mainly engaged in affective–perceptual forms of empathy and individual-oriented (survival) emotions […”
BackgroundFehr, T., Achtziger, A., Roth, G., & Strüber, D. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.041 · Cited by 23
Haas, B. W., Anderson, I. W., & Smith, J. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00801 · Cited by 23
“These findings have motivated the search for genes within the OT system that are linked to individual differences in cooperation.”
BackgroundVanutelli, M. E., & Balconi, M. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.020 · Cited by 23
González‐Arnay, E., González‐Gómez, M., & Meyer, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2017.00111 · Cited by 25
“…cognitive, social and emotional functions, including empathy, altruistic behavior, self-awareness, interoception, mindfulness, and consciousness (Craig, 2009; Fan et al., 2011; Fischer et al., 2016; Tusche et al., 2016; Laneri et al., 2017), or, as expressed by Craig (2010), the “sentient-self.””
BackgroundMethodCan Empathy Explain Gender Differences in Economic Policy Views in the United States?
Kamas, L., & Preston, A. E. (2018) · Feminist Economics · doi:10.1080/13545701.2018.1493215 · Cited by 23
“…Decety, and Singer [2011]).5 Also, it appears that different neural networks are involved in cognitive and affective empathy (Völlm et al. 2006; Fan et al. 2011; Kanske et al. 2015), although in more complex situations there appears to be overlap in the regions of the brain used (Zaki and…”
MethodAffective Neural Mechanisms of a Parenting-Focused Mindfulness Intervention
Turpyn, C. C., Chaplin, T. M., Fischer, S. F., Thompson, J. C., Fedota, J. R., Baer, R. A., & Martelli, A. M. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01118-6 · Cited by 25
Fragkaki, I., Cima, M., Verhagen, M., Maciejewski, D. F., Boks, M. P., van Lier, P. A. C., Koot, H. M., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0939-x · Cited by 24
Ge, Y., Li, W., Chen, F., Kayani, S., & Qin, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736656 · Cited by 22
“The former refers to self-regulation, while the latter refers to the automatic process (Decety and Lamm, 2006; Fan et al., 2011; Cameron et al., 2017b).”
BackgroundThe link between the brain volume derived index and the determinants of social performance
Kokubun, K., Yamakawa, Y., & Nemoto, K. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02544-3 · Cited by 22
“Similarly, empathy with others has been suggested and shown to involve the anterior insula and mid cingulate cortex (Fan et al., 2011; Kurth et al., 2010; Singer & Lamm, 2009; Tusche et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTodeva-Radneva, A., Kandilarova, S., Paunova, R., Stoyanov, D., Zdravkova, T., & Sladky, R. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11061608 · Cited by 22
“Moreover, the right AI has been associated with the affective-perceptual form of empathy, whereas the left AI has been determined to be involved in both the cognitive-evaluative and affective-perceptual forms [55].”
BackgroundThe social transmission of empathy relies on observational reinforcement learning
Zhou, Y., Han, S., Kang, P., Tobler, P. N., & Hein, G. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2313073121 · Cited by 22
“Therefore, observational learning indeed changed the processing of other’s pain in the AI, i.e., a region that forms a central part of the empathy network (19, 27–29, 31, 32).”
BackgroundResultLindeman, M., Koirikivi, I., & Lipsanen, J. O. (2016) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000353 · Cited by 22
Meng, J., Shen, L., Li, Z., & Peng, W. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107177 · Cited by 22
Graph Theoretic Analysis Reveals Intranasal Oxytocin Induced Network Changes Over Frontal Regions
Zheng, S., Punia, D., Wu, H., & Liu, Q. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.01.018 · Cited by 20
Empathy and Alterity in Psychiatry
Kirmayer, L. J. (2015) · Re-Visioning Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139424745.009 · Cited by 21
Alves, F., Szpak, K. S., & Buchweitz, A. (2018) · New frontiers in translation studies · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1984-6_6 · Cited by 21
Aue, T., Bührer, S., Mayer, B., & Dricu, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248562 · Cited by 25
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Social and Criminal Transgressions
Mendez, M. F. (2022) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21080224 · Cited by 23
Ebisch, S. J. H., Scalabrini, A., Northoff, G., Mucci, C., Sergi, M. R., Saggino, A., Aquino, A., Alparone, F. R., Perrucci, M. G., Gallese, V., et al. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12040477 · Cited by 19
“Our findings imply that the anterior insula could be a key hub for the propagation of general viscero-motor information necessary for sharing as well as understanding others’ emotional states [51,136].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationWang, Q., Zhang, Z., Dong, F., Chen, L., Zheng, L., Guo, X., & Li, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113845 · Cited by 21
“Fan et al [44] reported that the left anterior insula was active in both forms of empathy.”
BackgroundMutual influences of pain and emotional face processing
Wieser, M. J., Gerdes, A. B. M., Reicherts, P., & Pauli, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01160 · Cited by 24
“…resonance imaging and electrophysiological recordings have provided support for this view by showing increased activity in pain-related brain regions during perception of pain in others (Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011) including facial expressions of pain (Vachon-Presseau et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPrior exposure to extreme pain alters neural response to pain in others
Eidelman-Rothman, M., Goldstein, A., Weisman, O., Schneiderman, I., Zagoory‐Sharon, O., Jean Decety, A., & Feldman, R. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0422-7 · Cited by 21
“Thus, the activation found in this region is consistent with the concept of shared neural representations for the observation of pain in others and its first-hand experience (Y. Fan et al., 2011; Lamm et al., 2011).”
ResultCzekóová, K., Shaw, D. J., Saxunová, K., Dufek, M., Mareček, R., Vaníček, J., & Brázdil, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00525 · Cited by 22
Schroeter, M. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws030 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, neural networks involved in empathy do not cover the anterior frontomedian cortex (Rankin et al., 2006; Hein and Singer, 2008; Fan et al., 2011), which is the core region affected by behavioural variant FTD (Salmon et al., 2003; Schroeter et al., 2007, 2008).”
BackgroundBorchardt, V., Krause, A. L., Li, M., van Tol, M., Demenescu, L. R., Buchheim, A., Metzger, C. D., Sweeney‐Reed, C. M., Nolte, T., Lord, A., et al. (2015) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.377 · Cited by 19
“Fan et al. performed a whole-brain-based quantitative meta-analysis of fMRI studies of empathy and identified a “core network of empathy”, consisting of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior medial cingulate cortex (aMCC), SMA, and bilateral insula (Fan et al. 2011).”
BackgroundMethodThe neural correlates of emotion alignment in social interaction
Prehn, K., Korn, C. W., Bajbouj, M., Klann-Delius, G., Menninghaus, W., Jacobs, A. M., & Heekeren, H. R. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu066 · Cited by 21
Inter-subject phase synchronization differentiates neural networks underlying physical pain empathy
Xu, L., Bolt, T., Nomi, J. S., Li, J., Zheng, X., Fu, M., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., & Uddin, L. Q. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa025 · Cited by 19
Development of the paternal brain in expectant fathers during early pregnancy
Díaz‐Rojas, F., Matsunaga, M., Tanaka, Y., Kikusui, T., Mogi, K., Nagasawa, M., Asano, K., Abe, N., & Myowa, M. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117527 · Cited by 20
May, L. M., Reinka, M. A., Tipsord, J. M., Felver, J. C., & Berkman, E. T. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0563-3 · Cited by 19
“This region has been observed in emotional processing, empathy, and emotion regulation (Buhle et al. 2014; Fan et al. 2011; Iacoboni 2009; Jabbi and Keysers 2008; Kober et al. 2008; Lindquist et al. 2012) and responds differentially between meditators and non-meditators during pain (Grant et al.…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Fan, Y., Duncan, N. W., de Greck, M., & Northoff, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Northoff, Georg
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 903-911
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088335634
- Semantic Scholar
- a0ef877b20f7510e11539ab069df023ea45c7501
- Cited by
- 902
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Salus Foundation
- German Research Foundation
- SFB/DFG
- Hope of Depression Research Foundation (HDRF)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Empathy and Medical Education
- Keywords
- empathy, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior insula
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Empathy, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Meta-Analysis as Topic
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