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Can we ‘seize’ the gut microbiota to treat epilepsy?
Open accessAbstract
The gut-microbiota, the complex intestinal microbial ecosystem essential to health, is an emerging concept in medicine. Several studies demonstrate a microbiota-gut-brain bidirectional connection via neural, endocrine, metabolic and immune pathways. Accordingly, the gut microbiota has a crucial role in modulating intestinal permeability, to alter local/peripheral immune responses and in production of essential metabolites and neurotransmitters. Its alterations may consequently influence all these pathways that contribute to neuronal hyper-excitability and mirrored neuroinflammation in epilepsy and similarly other neurological conditions. Indeed, pre- and clinical studies support the role of the microbiome in pathogenesis, seizure modulation and responses to treatment in epilepsy. Up to now, researchers have focussed attention above all on the brain to develop antiepileptic treatments, but considering the microbiome, could extend our possibilities for developing novel therapies in the future. We provide here a comprehensive overview of the available data on the potential role of gut microbiota in the physiopathology and therapy of epilepsy and the supposed underlying mechanisms.
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“However, neurotransmitters produced in the gut may influence the brain indirectly, by acting on the ENS [30,31].”
From The Role of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
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Sarnyai, Z., Kraeuter, A.-K., & Palmer, C. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780197501207.003.0020 · Cited by 1
Accompanying Infections in Hospitalized Children with Neurological Disease
Çokyaman, T., Kasap, T., & Çelik, T. (2022) · Güncel Pediatri · doi:10.4274/jcp.2022.81084 · Cited by 1
The gut-brain axis: effect of antibiotics on canine drug-resistant idiopathic epilepsy
Ledeganck, L., Verdoodt, F., Hesta, M., Cornelis, I., Ham, L. V., & Bhatti, S. (2022) · Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift · doi:10.21825/vdt.85520 · Cited by 1
Longhitano, C., Kraeuter, A.-K., Gordon, S., & Sarnyai, Z. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89834-8.00008-8 · Cited by 1
Skin Microbiota, Circulating Metabolic Biomarker, Epilepsy: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Wang, Y., Liu, T., Wu, S. Y., Sun, J., Mu, M., & Yang, Z. (2024) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb46120833 · Cited by 1
The microbiome: what a neurologist needs to know
Dehghanizai, A. B., Stewart, C. J., & Thomas, R. H. (2025) · Practical Neurology · doi:10.1136/pn-2024-004400 · Cited by 1
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Hamarat, Y., Chaleckas, E., Krakauskaitė, S., Kumpaitienė, B., Švagždienė, M., Širvinskas, E., Petkus, V., Kasputytė, G., Gailiušas, M., Benetis, R., et al. (2023) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13908
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Petrić, D. (2023) · Microenvironment and Microecology Research · doi:10.53388/mmr2023001
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Role of probiotics in brain health
Thakur, A. K., Shekhar, N., Tyagi, S., & Rani, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-18951-7.00009-8
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Govindan, R., Poomarimuthu, M., Arumugam, S. N., Kalimuthu, S., Jayaraman, S., & Christudass, C. S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8803-7_14
Biowaste from Citrus Reticulata Peels as an Effective Antiepileptic
Mruthunjaya, K., Manjula, S. N., Fuloria, N. K., Sharma, H., Anand, A. K., & Pathak, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77999-2_7
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Nutrition as a factor for children’s brain and cognitive development
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Metadata
- Authors
- De Caro, C., Iannone, L. F., Citraro, R., Striano, P., De Sarro, G., Constanti, A., Cryan, J. F., & Russo, E.
- Affiliations
- Magna Graecia University (IT)
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IT)
- UCL School of Pharmacy (GB)
- University College Cork (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Russo, Emilio
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 750-764
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2981158203
- Semantic Scholar
- 7a62794dd18c936586c183f6a8b8fdb79ffab79d
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- discovery.ucl.ac.uk
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Dupont, Nutrition, Cremo SA, Alkermes Inc.
- 4D Pharma PLC
- Mead Johnson Nutrition
- Nutricia Danone
- GW Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Italian Medicine Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Epilepsy research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, epilepsy, microbiome, gut-brain axis, intestinal permeability, neuroinflammation, neuronal hyperexcitability, anticonvulsant therapy, microbial metabolites, neurotransmitters, immune response
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Epilepsy, Humans, Mice, Diet, Ketogenic
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