Cited by 191Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments

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Boemo, Teresa, Nieto, Ines, Vazquez, Carmelo, Sanchez-Lopez, Alvaro·2022·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104747

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Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) is a central target in the study of psychological and neurobiological processes of emotions for numerous psychological disorders. Ecological momentary assessments, overcoming retrospective self-reports, allow a better understanding of the relation between the use of ER strategies and daily life affective experiences. A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies testing these relations through experience sampling methods (ESM) and daily diaries were conducted. ESM studies showed significant large effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between negative affect (NA) and rumination, suppression, and worry, and in both contemporaneous and prospective relations between positive affect (PA) and reappraisal; medium effect sizes in prospective relations between NA and rumination, and PA and distraction; and a small effect size in the prospective relation between NA and suppression. Daily diary studies showed significant large effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between NA and rumination and suppression, and in both contemporaneous and prospective relations between PA and reappraisal; medium effect sizes in contemporaneous relations between PA and acceptance, and problem-solving; and a small effect size in the prospective relation between NA and reappraisal. These findings shed light on the temporal relations between the use of ER strategies and affective experiences and highlight conceptual and methodological limitations in the field.

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“Finally, and maybe most critically, prior research has primarily concentrated on affective self-reports in isolation and frequently disregarded the influence of the environmental context [49].”
Background
An integrative analysis of potential mechanisms of reduced positive affect in daily life in depression: an ESM study
Pacheco-Romero, A. M., Martín-García, Ó., Rey-Sáez, R., Boemo, T., Blanco, I., Vázquez, C., & Sánchez-López, Á. (2024) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2024.2314066 · Cited by 4
“…to the e ﬀ ectiveness of these strategies in regulating momentary PA. Notwithstanding these ﬁ ndings, empirical evidence on the dynamic relationship between PA and ER strategy use in depression remains scarce, evincing the pressing need to advance research in this ﬁ eld (see Boemo et al., 2022).”
Background
Emotion suppression differentially moderates the link between stress and cardiovascular disease risk in Japanese and Americans
Watanabe, D. K., Kitayama, S., Williams, D. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100555 · Cited by 5
“…seems plausible that there may also be cultural differences in the relationships between stress, emotion regulation (e.g., suppression), and CVD risk (Boemo et al., 2022; Curhan et al., 2014; Gross & John, 2003; Kitayama et al., 2015; Miyamoto et al., 2013; Park et al., 2020; Turin et al., 2016).”
Influential
Cultural influences on emotion regulation and affective outcomes among trauma survivors: An ecological momentary assessment study
Qiu, L. S., Liddell, B. J., Wong, J., Li, J. H., Lies, J., Lau, W., Bryant, R. A., & Jobson, L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.160 · Cited by 4
Virtual reality interventions to reduce psychological distress during colonoscopy: a rapid review
Shamali, M., Vilmann, P., Johansen, N. R., & Konradsen, H. (2023) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2023.2279177 · Cited by 4
“We used the adapted version by Boemo et al [17] and added one more item (assessing randomization) from the original scale [16].”
Method
Regulation of positive and negative affect: Associations with stress and resilience in health professions students
Mineva, K. (2023) · Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology · doi:10.51865/jesp.2023.2.14 · Cited by 4
The daily relations of co-rumination and perseverative cognition
Kovács, L. N., Kocsel, N., Tóth, Z., Smahajcsik‐Szabó, T., Karsai, S., & Kökönyei, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87335-7 · Cited by 4
Dynamic representations of theory testing in physical activity using ecological momentary assessment: an example guide utilizing multi-process action control
Rhodes, R. E., & KWAN, M. Y. W. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1547090 · Cited by 4
The effect of different construct operationalizations, study duration, and preprocessing choices on power-based sample size recommendations in intensive longitudinal researchPreprint
Lafit, G., Revol, J., Cloos, L., Kuppens, P., & Ceulemans, E. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7msh6 · Cited by 4
Examining everyday emotion regulation as an ability: Emotion regulation monitoring, but not general strategy implementation ability, is significantly associated with affective well-being in daily life
Wenzel, M., Philippi, P., & Kaurin, A. (2025) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070251332665 · Cited by 3
“…that is, the extent to which a strategy leads to a change in affect across participants, both in laboratory settings (e.g., Webb et al., 2012) and in daily life (e.g., Boemo et al., 2022; Brans et al., 2013), or on trait self-reports of speci ﬁ c strategies (e.g., Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007).”
Differential explanations of psychological well-being according to clinical personality patterns
Ciofu, V., Marian, A.-L., Apostol, M.-M., & Chiriac, L.-E. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06897-3 · Cited by 5
“Similarly, daily use of these strategies is associated with higher levels of daily positive affect (Boemo et al., 2022).”
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Parental Well-Being and Time Use: Mixed Methods Compliance and Feasibility Study
Altweck, L., & Tomczyk, S. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/67451 · Cited by 3
“The minimum sample size (ie, 64 participants) for the intervention group was calculated using G*Power (version 3.1.9.6; Erdfelder, Faul, and Buchner; ANOVA, repeated measures, within a group, α =.05, power=0.8, correlation among repeated measures=0.5, and effect size [well-being]=0.25 [39]).”
Influential
A stochastic model for affect dynamics: methodological insights from heart rate variability in an illustrative case of Anorexia Nervosa
Borghesi, F., Simoncini, G., Cremascoli, R., Bianchi, L., Mendolicchio, L., Cappelli, S., Brusa, F., Cattaldo, S., Prina, E., Chirico, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1502217 · Cited by 3
Dynamic associations between daily acting with awareness and emotion regulation in individuals living with the effects of a stroke
Johnson, N. J., Kil, H., Pauly, T., Ashe, M. C., Madden, K. M., Murphy, R. A., Linden, W., Gerstorf, D., & Hoppmann, C. A. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117635 · Cited by 3
Affect and Mental Health Across the Lifespan During a Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies and Mental FlexibilityPreprint
Minihan, S., Songco, A., Fox, E., Ladouceur, C. D., Mewton, L. R., Moulds, M. L., Pfeifer, J. H., van Harmelen, A., & Schweizer, S. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jtsw4 · Cited by 4
Pilot outcomes and exploration of treatment mechanisms using a culturally adapted version of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to improve mental health symptoms, alcohol misuse, functional outcomes, and sleep quality in emergency responders
Meyer, E. C., Roth, S. G., Coe, E., Taylor, D. J., & Gulliver, S. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Health Services · doi:10.3389/frhs.2025.1452976 · Cited by 2
Self-Choice Emotion Regulation Enhances Stress Reduction: Neural Basis of Self-Choice Emotion Regulation
Imajo, N., Matsuzaki, Y., Kobayashi, A., Sakaki, K., Nouchi, R., & Kawashima, R. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14111077 · Cited by 3
“We found a significant negative correlation between stress reduction and the IFG during self-choice ER, suggesting an important role of the opercular part of the left IFG in self-choice ER.”
Relations between psychosis and emotion regulation in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analyses of studies using experience sampling methods
Bortolon, C., & Nardelli, C. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106004 · Cited by 3
Emotion regulation frequency and intensity are differently associated with affective well-being in daily life
Wenzel, M., & Rowland, Z. (2025) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-024-10104-y · Cited by 2
“This is consistent with previous research that has consistently found these two ER strategies to be detrimental to individuals' affective well-being (Boemo et al., 2022) and mental health (Aldao et al., 2010) in daily life.”
Affective Trajectories of Binge Eating, Purging, and Exercise Among Sexual Minority Men
Harris, E., Moeck, E., & Griffiths, S. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24406 · Cited by 3
“…various strategies effectively downregulate negative and upregulate positive affect in daily life, including reappraisal (i.e., seeing a situation from a different perspective), acceptance (i.e., noticing emotions without judging or trying to change them), and distraction (Boemo et al. 2022).”
Longitudinal Associations Between Resilience, Emotion Regulation and Mental Health in Adolescents
Öztürk, S., Sevgican, Ş., Demirgül, S. A., & Dinç, M. (2025) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-025-10182-2 · Cited by 3
“Considering that adaptive strategies are associated with fewer psychopathological and emotional problems [62–65], individuals with high psychological resilience may experience positive emotions more frequently [66] and show fewer mental health problems during challenging times, such as the COVID-19…”
Emotionally responsive regulatory practices in FLL counseling and their evolving dynamics in interaction
Lazović, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2025.1657464 · Cited by 2
Examining intra-individual variability of ecological momentary assessment with multilevel modeling: A systematic review and recommendations for research and practice
Luna, C. M., Dai, S., Pagán, C. R., Liu, C., & Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M. (2025) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2025.2592660 · Cited by 2
“…EMA literature in a specific field, such as physical activity (Zapata-Lamana et al., 2020), mindfulness (Enkema et al., 2020) or emotion regulation (Boemo et al., 2022). one broader review addressed EMA use across all studies conducted with pediatric populations (Russell & gajos, 2020).”
Psychological correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder: a cross-sectional study to inform mindfulness-based interventions
Kresznerits, S., Zinner-Gérecz, Á., Miklósi, M., Szekeres, T., & Perczel-Forintos, D. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-07740-0 · Cited by 2
“There is also growing evidence of polyregulation and the dynamic use of complex strategies during emotional regulation [85, 86].”
Exploring therapeutic architectural strategies as recovery- supportive design interventions in selected international sanatorium and therapeutic wellness facilities
Eghosa, E., & Bukola, S. T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1830779 · Cited by 2
“The analysis helped establish statistical relationships between TAEs and therapeutic outcomes, offering insight into their effectiveness across diverse contexts (Boemo et al., 2022).”
Moderating Role of Self-Regulation Difficulties in the Momentary Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Participation Poststroke
Lee, Y., Foster, E. R., Baum, C. M., & Connor, L. T. (2024) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2024.050742 · Cited by 2
“Although previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between emotion regulation and depressive symptoms (Boemo et al., 2022) or participation in daily activities (Cooper et al., 2015; Suchy et al., 2019), none of these studies have investigated the moderating role of difficulties in emotion…”
Risk factor, consequence, or common cause? Linking lower self-regulation and internalizing symptoms during middle childhood in a random intercept cross-lagged panel model
Klinge, J. L., Warschburger, P., & Klein, A. M. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579424001937 · Cited by 2
Emotion Crafting and Daily Psychological Functioning: A 7-Day Diary Study
Hernandez, M. E. H., Taşkesen, N., & van der Kaap‐Deeder, J. (2025) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-025-00876-6 · Cited by 2
“We selected affect as a mediator between EC and wellbeing/illbeing due to its long-studied role in ER research, where positive affect has been consistently linked to adaptive ER, and negative affect to maladaptive ER strategies (e.g., Boemo et al., 2022).”
Influential
Tracking everyday emotional experiences in university students with the distinct mood assessment questionnaire
van der Mee, D. J., de Vries, L. P., & A, L. K. M. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08991-6 · Cited by 2
The interplay of emotion regulation, depressive symptoms, and age under a COVID-19 lockdown: Capturing emotion regulation variability, effort, and success
de la Fuente, D., Könen, T., In‐Albon, T., Schemer, L., & Karbach, J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100812 · Cited by 4
Factor Structure of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale among Early Adolescents: Results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Smith, J. E., Brinkman, H. R., DiBello, A. M., Hamilton, J. L., Leyro, T. M., Altman, B. R., & Farris, S. G. (2024) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-024-10135-2 · Cited by 1
“Ecological momentary assessment data has further found that youth exhibiting greater emotional intensity, lability, and difficulty regulating negative affect in response to real time events report greater depressive symptoms and behavioral problems (Boemo et al., 2022; Silk et al., 2003 ).”
Validation and Application of Functions of Future Thinking Scale in Chinese Adults
Liu, L., Dai, L., & Wang, Y. (2024) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.819 · Cited by 1
Emotion malleability beliefs prompt cognitive reappraisal: evidence from an online longitudinal intervention for adolescents
Guo, S., Yang, J., Lipp, O. V., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2025.2459149 · Cited by 1
“It also should be noted that EMB may influence other emotion regulation strategies (Boemo et al., 2022).”
Burnout, work-related daily negative affect and rumination: a mediation model combining an intensive and longitudinal design
Basińska, B., Schaufeli, W. B., & Gruszczyńska, E. (2025) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2025.2471325 · Cited by 3
“This was also evident in the results of the meta-analysis by Boemo et al. (2022), which revealed a large effect size in the contemporaneous relationship between negative affect and rumination but no significant prospective relationships in daily diary studies.”
Associations between emotion malleability beliefs and emotion regulation processes in daily life
Xie, T., Zhu, X., Qian, W., Liu, X., Wang, J., & Murray, A. L. (2025) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2025.2502807 · Cited by 1
“To address these limitations, daily life methods including ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and daily diaries have increasingly been used to study emotion regulation dynamics in real life (Boemo et al., 2022; Colombo et al., 2020).”
Influential
Emotion Regulation at Work: A Micro-Randomized Trial Comparing Three Cognitive Reappraisal Interventions
Aitken, J. A., Zhu, Z., Baines, J. I., Kim, J., Kaplan, S. A., Dalal, R. S., Hassani, J., & Gibson, J. L. (2025) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-025-00232-3 · Cited by 1
“…seems especially important, given that some research indicates that reappraisal may be much less effective in daily life (i.e., outside the lab; Boemo et al., 2022), perhaps due to either the cognitive burden of reap-praisal at work (Beal et al., 2005) or the challenges of deriving alternative…”
Influential
Emotion Regulation in Daily Life Among Adults With Suicidal Thoughts
Millgram, Y., Coppersmith, D. D. L., Sheppes, G., Fortgang, R. G., Goldenberg, A., & Nock, M. K. (2025) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026251349809 · Cited by 2
“Indeed, global self-report measures of emotion regulation are primarily designed and validated to capture habitual or trait-level use of strategies, making them less suitable for evaluating state emotion regulation (Boemo et al., 2022; Medland et al., 2020).”
Expressive suppression moderates the relationship between brain volume and mental health
Delgado-Herrera, M., Arce, B. I., Olalde-Mathieu, V. E., Licea-Haquet, G., & Reyes-Aguilar, A. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.08.040 · Cited by 1
Development and application of the propensity/ability framework in alexithymia: “Do you” versus “Can you” engage with your emotions?
Torunsky, N. T., Vilares, I., & Koutstaal, W. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106447 · Cited by 1
Laughter regulation in solitary and social contexts varies across emotion regulation strategies
Mitschke, V., Ziereis, A. C., Manivasagam, S., & Schacht, A. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00368-6 · Cited by 1
“It seems problematic that these have not been considered at all.”
The Reciprocity of Discrete Emotions and Health Information Seeking and Avoidance: An Experience Sampling Study
Link, E. (2025) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502251395835 · Cited by 1
“This conceptualization of emotions and emotion regulation indicates that information behaviors are not only motivated by emotions but can impact a shift or redirection of the flow of emotional experience (Boemo et al., 2022; Kuppens & Verduyn, 2017; Kuppens et al., 2010; see also Brashers, 2001).”
Do Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Interact With Trauma Exposure to Influence Intimate Partner Violence? An Examination Among Couples With Alcohol Use Disorder
Flanagan, J. C., Giff, S. T., Forkus, S. R., Crasta, D. J., & Miles, S. R. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251399682 · Cited by 1
Adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation in child- and adolescent ADHD
Astenvald, R., Frick, M. A., Kleberg, J., & Isaksson, J. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100660
“Previous research suggest that acceptance is frequently used during adolescence in the general population and has been shown to be an effective regulation strategy (Lennarz et al., 2019), linked to less psychopathology (Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2012) and daily positive affect (Boemo et al., 2022).”

Authors: Boemo, T., Nieto, I., Vazquez, C., & Sanchez-Lopez, A.
Affiliations: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
Corresponding author: Boemo, Teresa
ORCID: Boemo, Teresa
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-08
Volume: 139
Pages: 104747
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104747
OpenAlex: W4282973758
Cited by: 191
References: 166
Citations by year: 2026: 63 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 8
FWCI: 4.67
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Hispana (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Comunidad de Madrid (2017-T1 / SOC-5359)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CT17/17-CT18/17, PID2019, PID2019-108711GB-I00)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: emotion regulation strategies, daily affect, negative affect, positive affect, rumination, emotional suppression, worry, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, acceptance, problem solving, ecological momentary assessment, daily diary
MeSH terms: Ecological Momentary Assessment, Emotional Regulation, Affect, Emotions, Humans, Problem Solving, Retrospective Studies

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Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments

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