The DOI matches its Crossref record; 328 of the 331 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A measure centrality index for systematic empirical comparison of consciousness theories
Open accessAbstract
Consciousness science is marred by disparate constructs and methodologies, making it challenging to systematically compare theories. This foundational crisis casts doubts on the scientific character of the field itself. Addressing it, we propose a framework for systematically comparing consciousness theories by introducing a novel inter-theory classification interface, the Measure Centrality Index (MCI). Recognizing its gradient distribution, the MCI assesses the degree of importance a specific empirical measure has for a given consciousness theory. We apply the MCI to probe how the empirical measures of the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (GNW), Integrated Information Theory (IIT), and Temporospatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC) would fare within the context of the other two. We demonstrate that direct comparison of IIT, GNW, and TTC is meaningful and valid for some measures like Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), Autocorrelation Window (ACW), and possibly Mutual Information (MI). In contrast, it is problematic for others like the anatomical and physiological neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) due to their MCI-based differential weightings within the structure of the theories. In sum, we introduce and provide proof-of-principle of a novel systematic method for direct inter-theory empirical comparisons, thereby addressing isolated evolution of theories and confirmatory bias issues in the state-of-the-art neuroscience of consciousness.
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“Indeed, there are now so many theories of consciousness that an increasing number of researchers are turning their attention to the meta-theoretical question of how they might be compared and evaluated (Chis-Ciure et al., 2024; Del Pin et al., 2021; Doerig et al., 2021; Kirkeby-Hinrup, 2024; Negro et al., 2024; Signorelli et al., 2021), with a view to advancing the field via the unification, integ”
From Integrated information and predictive processing theories of consciousness: An adversarial collaborative review (2026) · cites this paper as Chis-Ciure et al., 2024
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- Sitt, 2014, Methods to monitor consciousness, EP2789293, A1
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Cogitate Consortium, Ferrante, O., Gorska-Klimowska, U., Henin, S., Hirschhorn, R., Khalaf, A., Lepauvre, A., Liu, L., Richter, D., Vidal, Y., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1 · Cited by 136
“Such a framework would enhance systematic theory building in an era of accumulating results 60 .”
Self-citationUnpacking the complexities of consciousness: Theories and reflections
Mudrik, L., Boly, M., Dehaene, S., Fleming, S. M., Lamme, V., Seth, A., & Melloni, L. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106053 · Cited by 81
Self-citationKirkeby-Hinrup, A., Stephens, A., Sjöstrand, A. B., & Overgaard, M. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1633907 · Cited by 24
Preliminaries to artificial consciousness: A multidimensional heuristic approach
Evers, K., Farisco, M., Chatila, R., Earp, B. D., Freire, I. T., Hamker, F. H., Németh, E., Verschure, P. F. M. J., & Khamassi, M. (2025) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2025.01.002 · Cited by 23
Cognition all the way down 2.0: neuroscience beyond neurons in the diverse intelligence era
Chis-Ciure, R., & Levin, M. G. (2025) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-025-05319-6 · Cited by 7
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chis-Ciure, R., Melloni, L., & Northoff, G.
- Affiliations
- Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno (ES)
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Chis-Ciure, Robert
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 161
- Pages
- 105670
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4394743787
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 331
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Keywords
- theory of consciousness, global neuronal workspace theory, integrated information theory, Lempel-Ziv complexity, mutual information, neural correlates of consciousness, confirmation bias
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Consciousness, Humans, Information Theory, Psychological Theory
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