Lymphocyte subset patterns and cytokine production in Alzheimer's disease patients
Abstract
To investigate the signs of inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 51 AD patients (29 with mild and 22 with moderately severe dementia) and 51 age-matched healthy controls (HC), using flow cytometry to analyse the absolute number and the percentage of T, B and NK cells. We also studied the surface expression of CD25, CD28, CD57, CD71, CD45RA and CD45RO markers on cells CD4+ and CD8+. In 30 AD patients and 20 HC the production of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF-alpha by PBMC after stimulation with [25-35], [1-40] and [1-16] beta-amyloid (betaA) fragments was also evaluated. A significant decrease in circulating B and CD8+CD28- cells, as well as an increase in CD8+ cells expressing CD71+ and CD28+, was observed in AD patients. A significant decrease in IL-10 production was also found after stimulation of PMBC with betaA [1-40]. The decreased IL-10 production was not related to disease severity. The observed imbalance of immune peripheral cell subpopulations and decreased IL-10 production point to a reduction of suppressor cell function in AD patients.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Investigations on proportions and phenotypes of circulating B cells in AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls have concluded in a significant reduction of both absolute numbers and percentages of blood B cells in AD patients.
“Investigations performed on the proportions and phenotypes of circulating B cells in AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls have concluded in a significant reduction of both the absolute numbers and percentages of blood B cells in AD patients [84 -87].”
From Is there a role for B cells in Alzheimer's disease? (2026) · cites this paper as [85]
Cites
Admission criteria for immunogerontological studies in man: The senieur protocol
Ligthart, G. J., Corberand, J. X., Fournier, C., Galanaud, P., Hijmans, W., Kennes, B., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., & Steinmann, G. G. (1984) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/0047-6374(84)90152-0 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
FAGNONI, F. F., VESCOVINI, R., MAZZOLA, M., BOLOGNA, G., NIGRO, E., LAVAGETTO, G., FRANCESCHI, C., PASSERI, M., & SANSONI, P. (1996) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.d01-689.x · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Posnett, D. N., Edinger, J. W., Manavalan, J. S., Irwin, C., & Marodon, G. (1999) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/11.2.229 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Impaired Ability of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Support B-Lymphopoiesis With Age
Stephan, R. P., Reilly, C. R., & Witte, P. L. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.1.75 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Loss of CD28 expression on T lymphocytes: A marker of replicative senescence
Effros, R. B. (1997) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0145-305x(97)00027-x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes are activated in Alzheimer’s disease
Saresella, M., La Rosa, F., Piancone, F., Zoppis, M., Marventano, I., Calabrese, E., Rainone, V., Nemni, R., Mancuso, R., & Clerici, M. (2016) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0088-1 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Immunosenescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Costantini, E., D’Angelo, C., & Reale, M. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/6039171 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Alterations in the Peripheral Immune System in Dementia
Busse, M., Michler, E., von Hoff, F., Dobrowolny, H., Hartig, R., Frodl, T., & Busse, S. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161304 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Späni, C., Suter, T., Derungs, R., Ferretti, M. T., Welt, T., Wirth, F., Gericke, C., Nitsch, R. M., & Kulic, L. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0251-x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Bulati, M., Buffa, S., Martorana, A., Gervasi, F., Camarda, C., Azzarello, D. M., Monastero, R., Caruso, C., & Colonna-Romano, G. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-142412 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Acylated Ghrelin as a Multi-Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
Reich, N., & Hölscher, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.614828 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Tramutola, A., Abate, G., Lanzillotta, C., Triani, F., Barone, E., Iavarone, F., Vincenzoni, F., Castagnola, M., Marziano, M., Memo, M., et al. (2018) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.414 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Is there a role for B cells in Alzheimer's disease?
Charavner, E.-L., Fillatreau, S., & El Behi, M. (2026) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2026.105154
- Authors
- Speciale, L., Calabrese, E., Saresella, M., Tinelli, C., Mariani, C., Sanvito, L., Longhi, R., & Ferrante, P.
- Affiliations
- Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation (IT)
- Policlinico San Matteo Fondazione (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrante, Pasquale
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1163-1169
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2073450860
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, lymphocyte subsets, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cytokine production, IL-10, amyloid-beta, transferrin receptor, CD45RA/CD45RO, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, immunosuppression, neuroinflammation, dementia severity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Cell Count, Female, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Antigens, CD, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Statistics, Nonparametric
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
