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Resting fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide induce significant low frequency variations in BOLD signal
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a potent cerebral vasodilator. We have identified a significant source of low-frequency variation in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal at 3 T arising from spontaneous fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide level in volunteers at rest. Fluctuations in the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pet(CO(2))) of +/-1.1 mm Hg in the frequency range 0-0.05 Hz were observed in a cohort of nine volunteers. Correlating with these fluctuations were significant generalized grey and white matter BOLD signal fluctuations. We observed a mean (+/-standard error) regression coefficient across the group of 0.110 +/- 0.033% BOLD signal change per mm Hg CO(2) for grey matter and 0.049 +/- 0.022% per mm Hg in white matter. Pet(CO(2))-related BOLD signal fluctuations showed regional differences across the grey matter, suggesting variability of the responsiveness to carbon dioxide at rest. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results were corroborated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound measurements of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity in a cohort of four volunteers. Significant Pet(CO(2))-correlated fluctuations in MCA blood velocity were observed with a lag of 6.3 +/- 1.2 s (mean +/- standard error) with respect to Pet(CO(2)) changes. This haemodynamic lag was adopted in the analysis of the BOLD signal. Doppler ultrasound suggests that a component of low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations is mediated by CO(2)-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). These fluctuations are a source of physiological noise and a potentially important confounding factor in fMRI paradigms that modify breathing. However, they can also be used for mapping regional vascular responsiveness to CO(2).
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“Moreover, recent neuroimaging evidence shows that the role of the AIC in cognitive and affective interactions influences how individuals make decisions that involve risk [51, 52].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [52]
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“For instance, compared to individuals who are more inclined toward risk taking, adults who are risk averse show increased AIC engagement when taking risks [52].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [52]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wise, R. G., Ide, K., Poulin, M. J., & Tracey, I.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wise, Richard G
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1652-1664
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145403933
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 12.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Wellcome Trust
- Health Research Board
- Heritage Medical Research Institute
- University of Oxford
- Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research
- Council for Higher Education
- Yükseköğretim Kurulu
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- arterial carbon dioxide, end-tidal carbon dioxide, BOLD signal fluctuations, cerebral vasodilation, physiological noise, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, cerebral blood flow, gray and white matter, transcranial Doppler, resting state
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Flow Velocity, Brain, Carbon Dioxide, Female, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Reference Values, Rest, Software, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Vasodilation, Linear Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
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