Cited by 664Advanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesOptical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques

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Resting fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide induce significant low frequency variations in BOLD signal

Wise, Richard G, Ide, Kojiro, Poulin, Marc J, Tracey, Irene·2004·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.025

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Abstract

Carbon dioxide is a potent cerebral vasodilator. We have identified a significant source of low-frequency variation in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal at 3 T arising from spontaneous fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide level in volunteers at rest. Fluctuations in the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pet(CO(2))) of +/-1.1 mm Hg in the frequency range 0-0.05 Hz were observed in a cohort of nine volunteers. Correlating with these fluctuations were significant generalized grey and white matter BOLD signal fluctuations. We observed a mean (+/-standard error) regression coefficient across the group of 0.110 +/- 0.033% BOLD signal change per mm Hg CO(2) for grey matter and 0.049 +/- 0.022% per mm Hg in white matter. Pet(CO(2))-related BOLD signal fluctuations showed regional differences across the grey matter, suggesting variability of the responsiveness to carbon dioxide at rest. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results were corroborated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound measurements of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity in a cohort of four volunteers. Significant Pet(CO(2))-correlated fluctuations in MCA blood velocity were observed with a lag of 6.3 +/- 1.2 s (mean +/- standard error) with respect to Pet(CO(2)) changes. This haemodynamic lag was adopted in the analysis of the BOLD signal. Doppler ultrasound suggests that a component of low-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations is mediated by CO(2)-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). These fluctuations are a source of physiological noise and a potentially important confounding factor in fMRI paradigms that modify breathing. However, they can also be used for mapping regional vascular responsiveness to CO(2).

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Authors: Wise, R. G., Ide, K., Poulin, M. J., & Tracey, I.
Affiliations: John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
University of Calgary (CA)
Corresponding author: Wise, Richard G
ORCID: Wise, Richard G
Ide, Kojiro
Poulin, Marc J
Tracey, Irene
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-04
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 1652-1664
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.025
OpenAlex: W2145403933
Cited by: 664
References: 75
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 44
FWCI: 12.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Wellcome Trust
Health Research Board
Heritage Medical Research Institute
University of Oxford
Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research
Council for Higher Education
Yükseköğretim Kurulu
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Medical Research Council
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
Keywords: arterial carbon dioxide, end-tidal carbon dioxide, BOLD signal fluctuations, cerebral vasodilation, physiological noise, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, cerebral blood flow, gray and white matter, transcranial Doppler, resting state
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Flow Velocity, Brain, Carbon Dioxide, Female, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Reference Values, Rest, Software, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Vasodilation, Linear Models, Echo-Planar Imaging, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

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Resting fluctuations in arterial carbon dioxide induce significant low frequency variations in BOLD signal

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