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Spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic high gamma activity during overt and covert word repetition
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Language is one of the defining abilities of humans. Many studies have characterized the neural correlates of different aspects of language processing. However, the imaging techniques typically used in these studies were limited in either their temporal or spatial resolution. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from the surface of the brain combine high spatial with high temporal resolution and thus could be a valuable tool for the study of neural correlates of language function. In this study, we defined the spatiotemporal dynamics of ECoG activity during a word repetition task in nine human subjects. ECoG was recorded while each subject overtly or covertly repeated words that were presented either visually or auditorily. ECoG amplitudes in the high gamma (HG) band confidently tracked neural changes associated with stimulus presentation and with the subject's verbal response. Overt word production was primarily associated with HG changes in the superior and middle parts of temporal lobe, Wernicke's area, the supramarginal gyrus, Broca's area, premotor cortex (PMC), primary motor cortex. Covert word production was primarily associated with HG changes in superior temporal lobe and the supramarginal gyrus. Acoustic processing from both auditory stimuli as well as the subject's own voice resulted in HG power changes in superior temporal lobe and Wernicke's area. In summary, this study represents a comprehensive characterization of overt and covert speech using electrophysiological imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. It thereby complements the findings of previous neuroimaging studies of language and thus further adds to current understanding of word processing in humans.
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“Neuroprosthetic studies using electrocorticography (ECoG) have shown that inner speech can be decoded from particular regions of the cortex but differ in their conclusions about which regions contribute45,49–51.”
From Inner speech in motor cortex and implications for speech neuroprostheses (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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“Studies on inner speech have also shown overlapping mechanisms between attempted and inner speech production 34,45,49–52.”
From Inner speech in motor cortex and implications for speech neuroprostheses (2025) · cites this paper as [45]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pei, X., Leuthardt, E. C., Gaona, C. M., Brunner, P., Wolpaw, J. R., & Schalk, G.
- Affiliations
- New York State Department of Health (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schalk, Gerwin
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2960-2972
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3020260
- OpenAlex
- W2010495159
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 6.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB006356, EB000856, R01EB000856, EB006356)
- Army Research Office
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- high gamma activity, electrocorticography, covert speech, word repetition, language processing, Wernicke's area, Broca's area, supramarginal gyrus, superior temporal lobe, auditory processing, premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, spatiotemporal dynamics
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Verbal Behavior
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