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Cited by 2,144Neurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy DevelopmentLanguage Development and Disorders

The spatial and temporal signatures of word production components

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Indefrey, P, Levelt, W.J.M·2004·Cognition
DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis of the relevant imaging literature on word production (82 experiments). In addition to the spatial overlap of activated regions, we also analyzed the available data on the time course of activations. The analysis specified regions and time windows of activation for the core processes of word production: lexical selection, phonological code retrieval, syllabification, and phonetic/articulatory preparation. A comparison of the word production results with studies on auditory word/non-word perception and reading showed that the time course of activations in word production is, on the whole, compatible with the temporal constraints that perception processes impose on the production processes they affect in picture/word interference paradigms.

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  • Utterance planning is not instantaneous but requires substantial amounts of time.

    “This is remarkable because utterance planning is not instantaneous but requires substantial amounts of time.”

    From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Indefrey & Levelt, 2004

  • In lab experiments, participants typically need 600 ms to 800 ms to name a line drawing of a common object.

    “in lab experiments participants typically need 600 ms to 800 ms to name a line drawing of a common object”

    From Timing in Conversation (2023) · cites this paper as Indefrey & Levelt, 2004

  • The left premotor cortex (BA 6) is associated with compiling motor codes for syllables and with a speech sound map that links phonemes or frequent syllables to their associated motor programs.

    “More posteriorly, in the left premotor cortex (BA 6), activation was associated with compiling motor codes for syllables (Indefrey and Levelt, 2004) and a “speech sound map” that linked phonemes or frequent syllables to their associated motor programs (Guenther et al., 2006).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Indefrey and Levelt, 2004

  • The pars opercularis (Broca's area, BA 44) is associated with forming or dividing words into syllables (syllabification) during both covert and overt production.

    “The opercular part of the posterior inferior frontal cortex (pars opercularis, Broca's area, BA 44) was associated with forming or dividing words into syllables (syllabification) during both covert (silent speech) and overt (speaking aloud) production (Indefrey and Levelt, 2004; Callan et al., 2006) or translating speech into articulatory code (Hickok and Poeppel, 2004).”

    From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Indefrey and Levelt, 2004

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Authors
Indefrey, P., & Levelt, W. J. M.
Affiliations
Max Planck Society (DE)
Corresponding author
Indefrey, P
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-05
Volume
92
Issue
1-2
Pages
101-144
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cognition.2002.06.001
OpenAlex
W2137374537
Cited by
2,144
References
150
Citations by year
2026: 99 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 159 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 154 · 2019: 130 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 156 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 164
FWCI
16.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cognition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
  • Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
word production, word choice, syllabification, picture-word interference, reading, meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
MeSH terms
Humans, Reading, Space Perception, Speech Production Measurement, Time Factors, Vocabulary

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