Effects of alcohol on brain responses to social signals of threat in humans
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Alcohol is a known exogenous modulator of negative affect (anxiety, tension) in both animals and humans. It has been proposed that the anxiolytic effects of alcohol are mediated via the amygdala, an area critical to fear perception and responding. However, little is known about the acute effects of alcohol on amygdala reactivity to threatening information in humans. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a validated task to probe amygdala responses to social signals of threat in 12 healthy, social drinkers after a double-blind crossover administration of alcohol or placebo. We found that alcohol significantly reduced amygdala reactivity to threat signals. The current findings fit well with the notion that alcohol may attenuate threat-based responding and provide a potential brain-based mechanism for the link between alcohol and anxiety and/or social threat perception.
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A single dose of alcohol disrupts the regulation of emotional stimuli by attenuating activity in the amygdala during exposure to threatening faces.
“Neuroimaging studies show that even a single dose of alcohol disrupts the regulation of emotional stimuli by attenuating activity in the amygdala during exposure to threatening faces (Gilman et al. 2008; Sripada et al. 2011; Gorka et al. 2013).”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Sripada et al. 2011
The Discussion reports that one intoxicating dose of alcohol reduced amygdala reactivity to threatening faces compared with placebo in healthy, non-dependent heavy social drinkers. It does not directly test whether alcohol disrupts the regulation of emotional stimuli; the authors describe a possible link between reduced threat processing and negative affect. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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“Importantly, the present study differed from Gilman et al. (2008) in a number of respects including that the present study (1) used happy faces as the 'control' for the threat condition rather than neutral faces; (2) included a more clinically-relevant subpopulation, i.e., frequent binge social…”
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- Authors
- Sripada, C. S., Angstadt, M., McNamara, P., King, A. C., & Phan, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phan, K. Luan
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 371-380
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3031714
- OpenAlex
- W2032645175
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Chicago Brain Research Foundation (R03-DA024197, R01-AA013746)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024999)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcohol, amygdala, threat perception, anxiety, amygdala reactivity, acute alcohol effects, social drinkers, fear perception
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Amygdala, Central Nervous System Depressants, Emotions, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult
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