Alcohol attenuates amygdala–frontal connectivity during processing social signals in heavy social drinkers: A preliminary pharmaco-fMRI study
Open accessAbstract
Convergent evidence shows that alcohol exerts its effects on social behavior via modulation of amygdala reactivity to affective stimuli. Given that affective processing involves dynamic interactions between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), alcohol’s effects are likely to extend beyond regional changes in brain activity to changes that manifest on a broader functional circuit level. The current study examines alcohol’s effects on functional connectivity (i.e., "coupling") between the amygdala and the PFC during the processing of socio-emotional stimuli using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects cross-over design, 12 heavy, social drinkers performed an fMRI task designed to probe amygdala response to socio-emotional stimuli (angry, fearful, and happy faces) following acute ingestion of alcohol or placebo. Functional connectivity between the amygdala and PFC was examined and compared between alcohol and placebo sessions using a conventional generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis. Relative to placebo, alcohol reduced functional coupling between the amygdala and the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during processing of both angry and fearful faces. Alcohol also reduced functional coupling between the amygdala and left OFC during processing of happy faces. These preliminary findings suggest that alcohol’s effects on social behavior may be mediated by alternations in functional connectivity between the amygdala and OFC during processing of emotional faces.
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Shared impairments in prefrontal-amygdala circuitry appear to underlie both impulsive aggression and alcohol misuse.
“shared impairments in prefrontal–amygdala circuitry appear to underlie both impulsive aggression and alcohol misuse”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Gorka et al. 2013
The Discussion (page not provided) reports reduced amygdala–OFC connectivity during alcohol intoxication and suggests that this may contribute to aggression. It also describes abnormal connectivity in populations with high aggression. It does not establish that shared circuitry impairments underlie both impulsive aggression and alcohol misuse; the study examined acute alcohol effects, not a common underlying impairment. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA single dose of alcohol disrupts the regulation of emotional stimuli by attenuating activity in the amygdala during exposure to threatening faces.
“Neuroimaging studies show that even a single dose of alcohol disrupts the regulation of emotional stimuli by attenuating activity in the amygdala during exposure to threatening faces (Gilman et al. 2008; Sripada et al. 2011; Gorka et al. 2013).”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Gorka et al. 2013
The Results (Imaging Results; page not provided) show that acute alcohol reduced amygdala activation during viewing of angry and fearful faces. The Discussion describes an effect on emotion regulation as a possible implication, rather than demonstrating that reduced amygdala activity caused a disruption of regulation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe EFMT task has been used in previous pharmaco-fMRI studies to probe drug effects on amygdala activation and amygdala functional connectivity.
“The EFMT task has previously been described in detail elsewhere (Labuschagne et al, 2010), and has been used in previous pharmaco-fMRI studies to probe drug effects on amygdala activation (Kirsch et al, 2005;Paulus et al, 2005;Phan et al, 2008;Labuschagne et al, 2010) and amygdala functional connectivity (Gorka et al, 2013).”
From Oxytocin modulation of amygdala functional connectivity to fearful faces in generalized social anxiety disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Gorka et al, 2013
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Cservenka, A., & Brumback, T. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01111 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Gorka, S. M., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Hosanagar, A., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.168 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
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Higher Emotion Dysregulation and Coping Motives in Alcoholand Marijuana Users
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Russell, N. M., Frier, M. D., Bortolato, M., & Mangieri, R. A. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06938-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gorka, S. M., Fitzgerald, D. A., King, A. C., & Phan, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Phan, K. Luan
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2013-04-13
- Volume
- 229
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-154
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC3740023
- OpenAlex
- W2181332675
- Semantic Scholar
- 8ec559d65dab8066d683346810ef6f1d3b97c621
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Brain Research Foundation
- Curtin University of Technology
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH076198)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- alcohol, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, functional connectivity, orbitofrontal cortex, emotional face processing, acute alcohol ingestion, angry faces, fearful faces, happy faces
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Amygdala, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Social Behavior, Prefrontal Cortex, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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