The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dissociable networks involved in spatial and temporal order source retrieval
Abstract
Space and time are important components of our episodic memories. Without this information, we cannot determine the "where and when" of our recent memories, rendering it difficult to disambiguate individual episodes from each other. The neural underpinnings of spatial and temporal order memory in humans remain unclear, in part because of difficulties in disentangling the contributions of these two types of source information. To address this issue, we conducted an experiment in which participants first navigated a virtual city, experiencing unique routes in a specific temporal order and learning about the spatial layout of the city. Spatial and temporal order information were dissociated in our task such that learning one type of information did not facilitate the other behaviorally. This allowed us to then address the extent to which the two types of information involved functionally distinct or overlapping brain areas. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants retrieved information about the relative distance of stores within the city (spatial task) and the temporal order of stores from each other (temporal task). Comparable hippocampal activity was observed during these two tasks, but greater prefrontal activity was seen during temporal order retrieval whereas greater parahippocampal activity was seen during spatial retrieval. We suggest that while the brain possesses dissociable networks for maintaining and representing spatial layout and temporal order components of episodic memory, this information may converge into a common representation for source memory in areas such as the hippocampus.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Using the present naturalistic and controlled VR setup, we ensured that our participants experienced virtual 3D scenes with congruent multisensory bodily information (visual, motor, vestibular); these approach real-life experience as compared to classical virtual computer game tasks that have been used for EM investigations in the past [106,107].”
From First-person view of one’s body in immersive virtual reality: Influence on episodic memory (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“it is involved in coding information about the coarse location of objects (Evensmoen et al., 2014), the global position of landmarks (Ekstrom et al., 2011; Morgan et al., 2011), and the gist of memories (Poppenk et al., 2008; Gutchess and Schacter, 2012).”
From Delay-dependent contributions of medial temporal lobe regions to episodic memory retrieval (2015) · cites this paper as Ekstrom et al., 2011
Citations
Cites
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
Tulving, E. (1985) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0080017 · Cited by 4,638
SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50019-4 · Cited by 4,544
Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 · Cited by 3,392
Forman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W. F., Mintun, M. A., & Noll, D. C. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330508 · Cited by 3,202
A cortical representation of the local visual environment
Epstein, R. A., & Kanwisher, N. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33402 · Cited by 3,083
Gallistel, C. R. (1990) · Cited by 2,571
The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory
Burgess, N., Maguire, E. A., & O'Keefe, J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00830-9 · Cited by 2,401
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fried, 1998, The hippocampus and human navigation: technical comment, Science, 282
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–134 of 134
Is Order Memory of Routes Temporal or Spatial? An Individual Differences Study
van der Ham, I. J. M., de Zeeuw, S., & Braspenning, M. E. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-68189-4_6 · Cited by 1
Drakeford, J. L., Srivastava, S., Calthorpe, W. R., Mukherjee, T., Clark-Carter, D. D., Oyebode, F., & Edelstyn, N. M. J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100049 · Cited by 2
The Tools of Cognitive Neuroscience
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.003 · Cited by 1
Candidate Neural Activity for the Encoding of Temporal Content in Memory
Jayachandran, M., & Allen, T. A. (2022) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2631-3_7 · Cited by 1
The psychological arrow of time and the human brain dynamics of event orderingPreprint
Gauthier, B., Pestke, K., & van Wassenhove, V. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/180711 · Cited by 1
Development of episodic memory
Selmeczy, D., & Ghetti, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00130-3 · Cited by 2
Task-specific Aspects of Goal-directed Word Generation Identified via Simultaneous EEG–fMRI
Shapira‐Lichter, I., Klovatch, I., Nathan, D., Oren, N., & Hendler, T. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00976
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: An International
Burkard, C., Emmenegger, J., der Linden, A. J. V., & der Linden, M. V. (2014)
Cognitive Correlates of Anterolateral Entorhinal Cortex Volume Differences in Older Adults
Yeung, L. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Memory and Other Cognitive Processes
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.009
Brain Timing Associated with Long-Term Memory
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.005
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.012
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.010
Cognitive Mapping Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Critical Overview
Malla, A. A., & Bhat, N. M. (2015) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0202.022
Brain Regions Associated with Long-Term Memory
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.004
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.006
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.011
Eichenbaum, H. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718157344.793486443
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.013
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.007
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.015
Slotnick, S. D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.001
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316026687.014
Memory Development in Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Ghetti, S. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.54
The role of hippocampal subregions in learning and memory
Shin, J., Lee, J. W., & Jung, M. W. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15754-7.00079-1
Rouse, E. (2014) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · doi:10.25959/23236430
Yu, J. Z., Yu, M., Song, Y., & Hu, S. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.18.695072
Functional connectivity correlates of sequence memory decline in healthy older adults
Trujillo-Llano, C., Ehrhardt, N. M., Fromm, A., Thams, F., Hayek, D., Li, S.-C., Flöel, A., & Antonenko, D. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02125-x
Saive, A.-L. (2015) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/5358e3c3z90ccz4228z889fz080b02a87254 · Cited by 1
Yu, J., Yu, M., Song, Y., & Hu, S. (2026) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2026.106432
Seo, M. S., & Dennis, N. A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106864 · Cited by 1
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and memory processes: mechanistic and behavioral studies
van Goethem, N. P. (2015) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20150625ng
Metadata
- Authors
- Ekstrom, A. D., Copara, M. S., Isham, E. A., Wang, W.-C., & Yonelinas, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ekstrom, Arne D.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1803-1813
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088806161
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- temporal order memory, episodic memory, source memory, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, memory retrieval, spatial configuration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Nerve Net, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Mental Recall, Space Perception, Time Perception, Cluster Analysis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review