The DOI matches its Crossref record; 68 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dissociable networks involved in spatial and temporal order source retrieval
Abstract
Space and time are important components of our episodic memories. Without this information, we cannot determine the "where and when" of our recent memories, rendering it difficult to disambiguate individual episodes from each other. The neural underpinnings of spatial and temporal order memory in humans remain unclear, in part because of difficulties in disentangling the contributions of these two types of source information. To address this issue, we conducted an experiment in which participants first navigated a virtual city, experiencing unique routes in a specific temporal order and learning about the spatial layout of the city. Spatial and temporal order information were dissociated in our task such that learning one type of information did not facilitate the other behaviorally. This allowed us to then address the extent to which the two types of information involved functionally distinct or overlapping brain areas. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants retrieved information about the relative distance of stores within the city (spatial task) and the temporal order of stores from each other (temporal task). Comparable hippocampal activity was observed during these two tasks, but greater prefrontal activity was seen during temporal order retrieval whereas greater parahippocampal activity was seen during spatial retrieval. We suggest that while the brain possesses dissociable networks for maintaining and representing spatial layout and temporal order components of episodic memory, this information may converge into a common representation for source memory in areas such as the hippocampus.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Using the present naturalistic and controlled VR setup, we ensured that our participants experienced virtual 3D scenes with congruent multisensory bodily information (visual, motor, vestibular); these approach real-life experience as compared to classical virtual computer game tasks that have been used for EM investigations in the past [106,107].”
From First-person view of one’s body in immersive virtual reality: Influence on episodic memory (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
In the citing paper
“it is involved in coding information about the coarse location of objects (Evensmoen et al., 2014), the global position of landmarks (Ekstrom et al., 2011; Morgan et al., 2011), and the gist of memories (Poppenk et al., 2008; Gutchess and Schacter, 2012).”
From Delay-dependent contributions of medial temporal lobe regions to episodic memory retrieval (2015) · cites this paper as Ekstrom et al., 2011
Citations
Cites
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128
Episodic memory: from mind to brain
Tulving, E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135114 · Cited by 4,950
Tulving, E. (1985) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/h0080017 · Cited by 4,638
SCRIPTS, PLANS, GOALS, AND UNDERSTANDING
Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1988) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50019-4 · Cited by 4,544
Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.1.3 · Cited by 3,392
Forman, S. D., Cohen, J. D., Fitzgerald, M., Eddy, W. F., Mintun, M. A., & Noll, D. C. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330508 · Cited by 3,202
A cortical representation of the local visual environment
Epstein, R. A., & Kanwisher, N. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/33402 · Cited by 3,083
Gallistel, C. R. (1990) · Cited by 2,571
The human hippocampus and spatial and episodic memory
Burgess, N., Maguire, E. A., & O'Keefe, J. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00830-9 · Cited by 2,401
Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox
Brett, M. (2002) · NeuroImage · Cited by 2,273
Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory
Vargha-Khadem, F., Gadian, D. G., Watkins, K. E., Connelly, A., Van Paesschen, W., & Mishkin, M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5324.376 · Cited by 1,746
Recognition memory: What are the roles of the perirhinal cortex and hippocampus?
Brown, M. W., & Aggleton, J. P. (2001) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35049064 · Cited by 1,624
Knowing Where and Getting There: A Human Navigation Network
Maguire, E. A., Burgess, N., Donnett, J. G., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Frith, C. D., & O'Keefe, J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5365.921 · Cited by 1,303
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-5080 · Cited by 1,276
Imaging recollection and familiarity in the medial temporal lobe: a three-component model
Diana, R. A., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2007) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.001 · Cited by 1,231
Multiple routes to memory: distinct medial temporal lobe processes build item and source memories
Davachi, L., Mitchell, J. P., & Wagner, A. D. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337195100 · Cited by 899
The Well-Worn Route and the Path Less Traveled
Hartley, T., Maguire, E. A., Spiers, H. J., & Burgess, N. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00095-3 · Cited by 817
A context maintenance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall
Polyn, S. M., Norman, K. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0014420 · Cited by 726
When zero is not zero: the problem of ambiguous baseline conditions in fMRI
Stark, C. E. L., & Squire, L. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.221462998 · Cited by 724
Tulving, E. (1993) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770899 · Cited by 634
The Parahippocampus Subserves Topographical Learning in Man
Aguirre, G. K., Detre, J. A., Alsop, D. C., & D’Esposito, M. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.6.823 · Cited by 628
Human memory: Theory and data.
Murdock, B. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421679 · Cited by 614
Duvernoy, H. M., Cattin, F., & Risold, P. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33603-4 · Cited by 569
Characterizing Dynamic Brain Responses with fMRI: A Multivariate Approach
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1019 · Cited by 568
Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity
Yonelinas, A., Kroll, N., Quamme, J., Lazzara, M. M., Sauvé, M., Widaman, K., & Knight, R. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn961 · Cited by 554
Components of episodic memory: the contribution of recollection and familiarity
Yonelinas, A. P. (2001) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0939 · Cited by 547
A temporoparietal and prefrontal network for retrieving the spatial context of lifelike events
Burgess, N., Maguire, E. A., Spiers, H. J., & O'Keefe, J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0806 · Cited by 502
Brain Activity Underlying Encoding and Retrieval of Source Memory
Cansino, S. (2002) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/12.10.1048 · Cited by 413
Human θ Oscillations Related to Sensorimotor Integration and Spatial Learning
Caplan, J. B., Madsen, J. R., Schulze‐Bonhage, A., Aschenbrenner-Scheibe, R., Newman, E. L., & Kahana, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-11-04726.2003 · Cited by 411
Selective neural representation of objects relevant for navigation
Janzen, G., & van Turennout, M. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1257 · Cited by 372
Zola‐Morgan, S., Squire, L. R., & Ramus, S. J. (1994) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.450040410 · Cited by 362
Viewpoint-Specific Scene Representations in Human Parahippocampal Cortex
Epstein, R., Graham, K. S., & Downing, P. E. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00117-x · Cited by 360
Maguire, E. A., Frith, C., Burgess, N., Donnett, J. G., & O'Keefe, J. M. (1998) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892998563789 · Cited by 355
Johnson, M. K. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.8.760 · Cited by 340
Committeri, G., Galati, G., Paradis, A., Pizzamiglio, L., Berthoz, A., & Bihan, D. L. (2004) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929042568550 · Cited by 334
Spiers, H. J. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.12.2476 · Cited by 329
Wolbers, T., & Büchel, C. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4705-04.2005 · Cited by 301
Lateralized human hippocampal activity predicts navigation based on sequence or place memory
Iglói, K., Doeller, C. F., Berthoz, A., Rondi‐Reig, L., & Burgess, N. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1004243107 · Cited by 299
Howard, M. W., Fotedar, M. S., Datey, A. V., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2005) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.1.75 · Cited by 283 · cited 2×
“Specifically, when retrieving the relative position of an item, modeling temporal context as a " random " walk through context space during encoding improves model fits of serial order learning (Howard et al., 2005; Polyn et al., 2009).”
Addis, D. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2007) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20405 · Cited by 275
Mind the Gap: Binding Experiences across Space and Time in the Human Hippocampus
Staresina, B. P., & Davachi, L. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.024 · Cited by 273
Bar, M., Aminoff, E., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0987-08.2008 · Cited by 246
Heinrich, H. (1964) · ZAMM ‐ Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik · doi:10.1002/zamm.19640440613 · Cited by 221
Mellet, E., Bricogne, S., Tzourio‐Mazoyer, N., Ghaëm, O., Petit, L., Zago, L., Etard, O., Berthoz, A., Mazoyer, B. M., & Denis, M. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0648 · Cited by 221
Uncapher, M. R., Otten, L. J., & Rugg, M. D. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.08.011 · Cited by 206
Effects of Unilateral Prefrontal Lesions on Familiarity, Recollection, and Source Memory
Duarte, A., Ranganath, C., & Knight, R. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1392-05.2005 · Cited by 153
An fMRI Study of Episodic Memory: Retrieval of Object, Spatial, and Temporal Information.
Hayes, S. M., Ryan, L., Schnyer, D. M., & Nadel, L. (2004) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.5.885 · Cited by 147
Ekstrom, A. D., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.575107 · Cited by 139
Self-citationSerial order effects in short-term memory
Murdock, B. B. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025694 · Cited by 126 · cited 1×
“…over time while the spatial layout remained the same every trial, it seems most parsimonious to assume subjects remembered the order of deliveries as they might a serial ordered list (Murdock, 1968, 1974) and the spatial layout as a coherent entity with distinct spatial metrics (Gallistel, 1990).”
The Dynamics of Hippocampal Activation during Encoding of Overlapping Sequences
Kumaran, D., & Maguire, E. A. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.024 · Cited by 123
Spatial categories and the estimation of location
Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L. V., Corrigan, B., & Crawford, L. E. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.006 · Cited by 117
Advances in high-resolution imaging and computational unfolding of the human hippocampus
Ekstrom, A. D., Bazih, A., Suthana, N., Al-Hakim, R. A., Ogura, K., Zeineh, M., Burggren, A. C., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.017 · Cited by 101
Self-citationHigh‐resolution multi‐voxel pattern analysis of category selectivity in the medial temporal lobes
Diana, R. A., Yonelinas, A. P., & Ranganath, C. (2008) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20433 · Cited by 99
Spatial memory and the human hippocampus
Shrager, Y., Bayley, P. J., Bontempi, B., Hopkins, R. O., & Squire, L. R. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0611233104 · Cited by 98
Orbito-frontal Cortex is Necessary for Temporal Context Memory
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N., Knight, R. T., Emery, T., & Graham, K. S. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21316 · Cited by 87
Neural Basis of Temporal Context Memory: A Functional MRI Study
Suzuki, M., Fujii, T., Tsukiura, T., Okuda, J., Umetsu, A., Nagasaka, T., Mugikura, S., Yanagawa, I., Takahashi, S., & Yamadori, A. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1303 · Cited by 80
Dudukovic, N. M., & Wagner, A. D. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.02.025 · Cited by 78
PyEPL: A cross-platform experiment-programming library
Geller, A. S., Schleifer, I. K., Sederberg, P. B., Jacobs, J., & Kahana, M. J. (2007) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192990 · Cited by 76
Carter, C. S., Heckers, S., Nichols, T., Pine, D. S., & Strother, S. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.014 · Cited by 67
Ergorul, C., & Eichenbaum, H. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0441-06.2006 · Cited by 58
Shimamura, A. P., & Wickens, T. D. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0014500 · Cited by 55
Neural correlates of context memory with real-world events
Fujii, T., Suzuki, M., Okuda, J., Ohtake, H., Tanji, K., Yamaguchi, K., Itoh, M., & Yamadori, A. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.01.005 · Cited by 54
Parmentier, F. B. R., Andrés, P., Elford, G., & Jones, D. M. (2005) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-004-0212-7 · Cited by 48
Dissociable brain activations during the retrieval of different kinds of spatial context memory
Suzuki, M., Tsukiura, T., Matsue, Y., Yamadori, A., & Fujii, T. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.021 · Cited by 28
Hippocampal activation associated with successful external source monitoring
Mugikura, S., Abe, N., Suzuki, M., Ueno, A., Higano, S., Takahashi, S., & Fujii, T. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.021 · Cited by 18
The role of reminding in long-term memory for temporal order
Friedman, W. J. (2007) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03195943 · Cited by 14
Xiong (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)8:2/3
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fried, 1998, The hippocampus and human navigation: technical comment, Science, 282
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Two cortical systems for memory-guided behaviour
Ranganath, C., & Ritchey, M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3338 · Cited by 1,377
Long-axis specialization of the human hippocampus
Poppenk, J., Evensmoen, H. R., Moscovitch, M., & Nadel, L. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.03.005 · Cited by 1,100
Hippocampal Activity Patterns Carry Information about Objects in Temporal Context
Hsieh, L., Gruber, M. J., Jenkins, L. J., & Ranganath, C. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.015 · Cited by 363
Frequency-specific network connectivity increases underlie accurate spatiotemporal memory retrieval
Watrous, A. J., Tandon, N., Conner, C. R., Pieters, T., & Ekstrom, A. D. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3315 · Cited by 296
Self-citationSpace, time, and episodic memory: The hippocampus is all over the cognitive map
Ekstrom, A. D., & Ranganath, C. (2017) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22750 · Cited by 274
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Ekstrom, A. D., Copara, M. S., Isham, E. A., Wang, W.-C., & Yonelinas, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ekstrom, Arne D.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1803-1813
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088806161
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Keywords
- temporal order memory, episodic memory, source memory, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, memory retrieval, spatial configuration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Monte Carlo Method, Nerve Net, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Mental Recall, Space Perception, Time Perception, Cluster Analysis, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
