The Neural Basis of Language Development and Its Impairment

Friederici, Angela D.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.002

Cited by 194Language Development and DisordersNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismReading and Literacy Development

The Neural Basis of Language Development and Its Impairment

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Friederici, Angela D.·2006·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.002

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Abstract

The neural correlates of early language development and language impairment are described, with the adult language-related brain systems as a target model. Electrophysiological and hemodynamic studies indicate that language functions to be installed in the child's brain are similar to those of adults, with lateralization being present at birth, phonological processes during the first months, semantic processes at 12 months, and syntactic processes around 30 months. These findings support the view that the brain basis of language develops continuously over time. Discontinuities are observed in children with language impairment. Here, the observed functional abnormalities are accompanied by structural abnormalities in inferior frontal and temporal brain regions.

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Neural patterns to speech and vocabulary growth in American infants
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Reduced stress pattern discrimination in 5-month-olds as a marker of risk for later language impairment: Neurophysiologial evidence
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Language lateralization and the role of the fusiform gyrus in semantic processing in young children
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Neural Correlates of Syntactic Processing in Two-Year-Olds
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Familiar words capture the attention of 11-month-olds in less than 250 ms
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From Air Oscillations to Music and Speech: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence for Fine-Tuned Neural Networks in Audition
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Semantic sentence processing reflected in the event-related potentials of one- and two-year-old children
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Central Auditory Processing of Durational Changes in Complex Speech Patterns by Newborns: An Event-Related Brain Potential Study
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fMRI Brain Activation in a Finnish Family With Specific Language Impairment Compared With a Normal Control Group
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Impairment of temporal organization of speech in basal ganglia diseases*1
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Human visual motion areas determined individually by magnetoencephalography and 3D magnetic resonance imaging
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Sentence processing in 30-month-old children: an event-related potential study
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Functional and Structural Brain Abnormalities Associated with a Genetic Disorder of Speech and Language
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Comprehensive language mapping in children, using functional magnetic resonance imaging: what??s missing counts
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Lexical–semantic processes in children with specific language impairment
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Syntactic event-related potential components in 24-month-olds’ sentence comprehension
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The mismatch negativity to changes in speech sounds at the age of three months
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Genetic basis of grammar defect
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Reticular projections to lateral geniculate in cat
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of auditory cortex in children
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Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) localization of the auditory N400m: effects of stimulus duration
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Discovering Word Order Regularities
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How the Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Influence the Development of Brain Architecture
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Brain development during the preschool years
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The ontogeny of the cortical language network
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Neurobiology and consequences of social isolation stress in animal model—A comprehensive review
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The Developmental Origins of Voice Processing in the Human Brain
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Music and Early Language Acquisition
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Developmental Changes in Organization of Structural Brain Networks
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Songbirds possess the spontaneous ability to discriminate syntactic rules
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Asymmetry, connectivity, and segmentation of the arcuate fascicle in the human brain
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Phonotactic Knowledge and Lexical-Semantic Processing in One-year-olds: Brain Responses to Words and Nonsense Words in Picture Contexts
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Abnormal functional lateralization and activity of language brain areas in typical specific language impairment (developmental dysphasia)
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fMRI of syntactic processing in typically developing children: Structural correlates in the inferior frontal gyrus
Nuñez, S. C., Dapretto, M., Katzir, T., Starr, A., Bramen, J. E., Kan, E., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Sowell, E. R. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.02.004 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
PCSK6 is associated with handedness in individuals with dyslexia
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Prosody-driven Sentence Processing: An Event-related Brain Potential Study
Pannekamp, A., Toepel, U., Alter, K., Anja Hahne, A., & Friederici, A. D. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929053279450 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Structural and functional integration between dorsal and ventral language streams as revealed by blunt dissection and direct electrical stimulation
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Experimental methods in studying child language acquisition
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Basal ganglia contribution to rule expectancy and temporal predictability in speech
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The Neural Basis of Speech Parsing in Children and Adults
Mcnealy, K., Mazziotta, J., & Dapretto, M. (2010) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00895.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Correlates of social problem solving during the first year after traumatic brain injury in children.
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fMRI during natural sleep as a method to study brain function during early childhood
Redcay, E., Kennedy, D. P., & Courchesne, E. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The emergence of cerebral specialization for the human voice over the first months of life
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Relationships between DMD mutations and neurodevelopment in dystrophinopathy
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Language development as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status to executive functioning development in preschool
Romeo, R. R., Flournoy, J. C., McLaughlin, K. A., & Lengua, L. J. (2022) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.13227 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Age and experience shape developmental changes in the neural basis of language-related learning
Mcnealy, K., Mazziotta, J., & Dapretto, M. (2011) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01075.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Developmental differences in beta and theta power during sentence processing
Schneider, J. M., Abel, A. D., Ogiela, D. A., Middleton, A. E., & Maguire, M. J. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.01.001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Neurological Basis of Developmental Dyslexia and Related Disorders: A Reappraisal of the Temporal Hypothesis, Twenty Years on
Habib, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11060708 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Main Sources of Intersubject Variability in Neuronal Activation for Reading Aloud
Kherif, F., Josse, G., Seghier, M. L., & Price, C. J. (2008) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21084 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Differences in talker recognition by preschoolers and adults
Creel, S. C., & Jimenez, S. R. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.07.007 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in resting-state fMRI from age 5 to age 6 years covary with language development
Xiao, Y., Friederici, A. D., Margulies, D. S., & Bräuer, J. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The role of the cerebellum in the regulation of language functions
Starowicz–Filip, A., Chrobak, A. A., Moskała, M. M., Krzyżewski, R. M., Kwinta, B. M., Kwiatkowski, S., Milczarek, O., Rajtar-Zembaty, A., & Przewoźnik, D. (2017) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/68547 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Neuroscience, Early Childhood Education and Play: We are Doing it Right!
Rushton, S. (2011) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-011-0447-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Perceptual salience and the processing of subject-verb agreement in 9–11-year-old English-speaking children: Evidence from ERPs
Dube, S., Kung, C., Brock, J., & Demuth, K. (2017) · Language Acquisition · doi:10.1080/10489223.2017.1394305 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Classroom Learning Environment, Brain Research and The No Child Left Behind Initiative: 6 years Later
Rushton, S., & Juola-Rushton, A. (2008) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-008-0244-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The timing of educational investment: A neuroscientific perspective
Howard‐Jones, P. A., Washbrook, E. V., & Meadows, S. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.11.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Electrophysiological correlates of rapid auditory and linguistic processing in adolescents with specific language impairment
Weber-Fox, C. M., Leonard, L. B., Wray, A. H., & Tomblin, J. B. (2010) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2010.09.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
ERP correlates of the development of orthographical and phonological processing during Chinese sentence reading
Meng, X., Jian, J., Shu, H., Tian, X., & Zhou, X. (2008) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.052 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Specific language impairment as systemic developmental disorders
Parisse, C., & Maillart, C. (2008) · Journal of Neurolinguistics · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2008.07.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Structural alterations of the language connectome in children with specific language impairment
Vydrova, R., Komárek, V., Šanda, J., Štěrbová, K., Jahodová, A., Maulisova, A., Žáčková, J., Reissigová, J., Kršek, P., & Kynčl, M. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.10.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Development of a selective left-hemispheric fronto-temporal network for processing syntactic complexity in language comprehension
Xiao, Y., Friederici, A. D., Margulies, D. S., & Bräuer, J. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.09.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Developmental differences in the neural correlates supporting semantics and syntax during sentence processing
Schneider, J. M., & Maguire, M. J. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12782 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Early Language-Related Hallmarks across Structural MRI Study
Conti, E., Retico, A., Palumbo, L., Spera, G., Bosco, P., Biagi, L., Fiori, S., Tosetti, M., Cipriani, P., Cioni, G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm10040275 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Development of an Eco-Biodevelopmental Model of Emergent Literacy Before Kindergarten
Hutton, J., DeWitt, T. G., Hoffman, L., Horowitz‐Kraus, T., & KLASS, P. E. (2021) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6709 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Establishing a mental lexicon with cochlear implants: an ERP study with young children
Vavatzanidis, N., Mürbe, D., Friederici, A. D., & Hahne, A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18852-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Brain and Cognitive Development
Stiles, J., Brown, T. T., Haist, F., & Jernigan, T. L. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy202 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rhythmic priming of grammaticality judgments in children: Duration matters
Fiveash, A., Bedoin, N., Lalitte, P., & Tillmann, B. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104885 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The neurological development of the child with the educational enrichment in mind
Leisman, G., Mualem, R., & Mughrabi, S. K. (2015) · Psicologí a Educativa · doi:10.1016/j.pse.2015.08.006 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Development of Network Synchronization Predicts Language Abilities
Doesburg, S. M., Tingling, K., MacDonald, M. J., & Pang, E. W. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00879 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Brain Developmental Trajectories Associated with Childhood Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Chow, H. M., Garnett, E. O., Koenraads, S. P. C., & Chang, S. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101224 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mismatch Negativity Responses in Children With a Diagnosis of Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)
Froud, K., & Khamis-Dakwar, R. (2012) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A longitudinal neuroimaging dataset on language processing in children ages 5, 7, and 9 years old
Wang, J., Lytle, M. N., Weiss, Y., Yamasaki, B. L., & Booth, J. R. (2022) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-021-01106-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Meaning before grammar: A review of ERP experiments on the neurodevelopmental origins of semantic processing
Morgan, E. U., van der Meer, A. L. H., Vulchanova, M., Blasí, D. E., & Baggio, G. (2020) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-019-01677-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Econeurobiology and brain development in children: key factors affecting development, behavioral outcomes, and school interventions
Mualem, R., Morales-Quezada, L., Farraj, R. H., Shance, S., Bernshtein, D. H., Cohen, S., Mualem, L., Salem, N., Yehuda, R. R., Zbedat, Y., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376075 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning in young adults with developmental language impairment
Lee, J. C., & Tomblin, J. B. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.07.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Neural Indices of Semantic Processing in Early Childhood Distinguish Eventual Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Kreidler, K., Wray, A. H., Usler, E. R., & Weber, C. (2017) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-17-0081 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Habilidades auditivas e desenvolvimento de linguagem em crianças
Santos, J. N., Lemos, S. M. A., Rates, S. P. M., & Lamounier, J. A. (2008) · Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica · doi:10.1590/s0104-56872008000400009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
FMRI language mapping in children: A panel of language tasks using visual and auditory stimulation without reading or metalinguistic requirements
de Guibert, C., Maumet, C., Ferré, J., Jannin, P., Biraben, A., Allaire, C., Barillot, C., & Rumeur, É. L. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.054 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Age-related dissociation of N400 effect and lexical priming
Tiedt, H. O., Ehlen, F., & Klostermann, F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77116-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Neurophysiological and functional neuroanatomical coding of statistical and deterministic rule information during sequence learning
Takács, Á., Kóbor, A., Kardos, Z., Janacsek, K., Horváth, K., Beste, C., & Németh, D. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25427 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Testing for a cultural influence on reading for meaning in the developing brain: the neural basis of semantic processing in Chinese children
Chou, T. (2009) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.027.2009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.
Qela, B., Damiani, S., De Santis, S., Groppi, F., Pichiecchio, A., Asteggiano, C., Brondino, N., Monteleone, A. M., Grassi, L., Politi, P., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Finally, children with DLD reduced linguistic predictive performance compared to HC and reduced predictive error (i.e., represented by pre-emptive eye movements and reduced lateralized MMN), which correlates with vocabulary size (Friederici, 2006; Mani and Huettig, 2012).”
Specific Language Impairment
Evans, J. L., & Brown, T. T. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407794-2.00072-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
From Mind to Mouth: Event Related Potentials of Sentence Production in Classic Galactosemia
Timmers, I., Jansma, B. M., & Rubio‐Gozalbo, M. E. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052826 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A locus for an auditory processing deficit and language impairment in an extended pedigree maps to 12p13.31‐q14.3
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Authors: Friederici, A. D.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
Corresponding author: Friederici, Angela D.
ORCID: Friederici, Angela D.
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-12
Volume: 52
Issue: 6
Pages: 941-952
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.002
OpenAlex: W2041426735
Cited by: 194
References: 129
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 1.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2420 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Keywords: language development, language impairment, neural correlates of language, hemispheric lateralization, phonological processing, semantic processing, syntactic processing, infant language, inferior frontal cortex, temporal lobe, structural brain abnormalities, electrophysiology, hemodynamics
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Functional Laterality

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The Neural Basis of Language Development and Its Impairment

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