The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cortical Preparatory Activity: Representation of Movement or First Cog in a Dynamical Machine?
Open accessAbstract
Summary The motor cortices are active during both movement and movement preparation. A common assumption is that preparatory activity constitutes a sub-threshold form of movement activity: a neuron active during rightwards movements becomes modestly active during preparation of a rightwards movement. We asked whether this pattern of activity is in fact observed. We found that it was not: at the level of a single neuron, preparatory tuning was weakly correlated with movement-period tuning. Yet somewhat paradoxically, preparatory tuning could be captured by a preferred direction in an abstract ‘space’ that described the population-level pattern of movement activity. In fact, this relationship accounted for preparatory responses better than did traditional tuning models. These results are expected if preparatory activity provides the initial state of a dynamical system whose evolution produces movement activity. Our results thus suggest that preparatory activity may not represent specific factors, and may instead play a more mechanistic role.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Georgopoulos, A., Kalaska, J., Caminiti, R., & Massey, J. (1982) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-11-01527.1982 · Cited by 2,130
Neural Basis of a Perceptual Decision in the Parietal Cortex (Area LIP) of the Rhesus Monkey
Shadlen, M. N., & Newsome, W. T. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1916 · Cited by 1,755
Neural Control of Voluntary Movement Initiation
Hanes, D. P., & Schall, J. D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5286.427 · Cited by 1,145
Generating Coherent Patterns of Activity from Chaotic Neural Networks
Sussillo, D., & Abbott, L. F. (2009) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.07.018 · Cited by 1,092
Stimulus onset quenches neural variability: A widespread cortical phenomenon
Churchland, M. M., Yu, B. M., Cunningham, J. P., Sugrue, L. P., Cohen, M. R., Corrado, G. S., Newsome, W. T., Clark, A. M., Hosseini, P., Scott, B. B., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2501 · Cited by 1,084
Self-citationHuman movement initiation: Specification of arm, direction, and extent.
Rosenbaum, D. Α. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.109.4.444 · Cited by 924
Muscle and movement representations in the primary motor cortex
Kakei, S., Hoffman, D. S., & Strick, P. L. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2136 · Cited by 796
Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement
Tanji, J., & Evarts, E. V. (1976) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1976.39.5.1062 · Cited by 659
Yu, B. M., Cunningham, J. P., Santhanam, G., Ryu, S. I., Shenoy, K. V., & Sahani, M. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90941.2008 · Cited by 656
Self-citationRiehle, A., & Requin, J. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.3.534 · Cited by 547
Cited by
Neural population dynamics during reaching
Churchland, M. M., Cunningham, J. P., Kaufman, M. T., Foster, J. D., Nuyujukian, P., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11129 · Cited by 1,626
Self-citationDimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings
Cunningham, J. P., & Yu, B. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3776 · Cited by 1,219
Self-citationCortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement
Kaufman, M. T., Churchland, M. M., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3643 · Cited by 831
Self-citationComputation Through Neural Population Dynamics
Vyas, S., Golub, M. D., Sussillo, D., & Shenoy, K. V. (2020) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-092619-094115 · Cited by 671
Self-citationFunctional organization of human sensorimotor cortex for speech articulation
Bouchard, K. E., Mesgarani, N., Johnson, K., & Chang, E. F. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11911 · Cited by 686
Metadata
- Authors
- Churchland, M. M., Cunningham, J. P., Kaufman, M. T., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 387-400
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000186054
- Cited by
- 526
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 10.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cortical Preparatory Activity: Representation of Movement or First Cog in a Dynamical Machine? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.015
- The paper
- Churchland, M. M., Cunningham, J. P., Kaufman, M. T., Ryu, S. I., & Shenoy, K. V. (2010). Cortical Preparatory Activity: Representation of Movement or First Cog in a Dynamical Machine? Neuron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.015
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
