The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Internally Generated Preactivation of Single Neurons in Human Medial Frontal Cortex Predicts Volition
Open accessAbstract
Understanding how self-initiated behavior is encoded by neuronal circuits in the human brain remains elusive. We recorded the activity of 1019 neurons while twelve subjects performed self-initiated finger movement. We report progressive neuronal recruitment over ~1500 ms before subjects report making the decision to move. We observed progressive increase or decrease in neuronal firing rate, particularly in the supplementary motor area (SMA), as the reported time of decision was approached. A population of 256 SMA neurons is sufficient to predict in single trials the impending decision to move with accuracy greater than 80% already 700 ms prior to subjects’ awareness. Furthermore, we predict, with a precision of a few hundred ms, the actual time point of this voluntary decision to move. We implement a computational model whereby volition emerges once a change in internally generated firing rate of neuronal assemblies crosses a threshold.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Neural Basis of Decision Making
Gold, J. I., & Shadlen, M. N. (2007) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113038 · Cited by 3,764
Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1994) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199403000-00005 · Cited by 3,431 · cited 1×
“(D) Anatomical location of electrodes in the frontal lobe displayed on a Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) brain (average of 305 brains) (Collins et al., 1994).”
Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action
Libet, B. (1985) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00044903 · Cited by 2,623
LIBET, B., GLEASON, C. A., WRIGHT, E. W., & PEARL, D. K. (1983) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/106.3.623 · Cited by 2,498
The prefontral cortex and cognitive control
Miller, E. K. (2000) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35036228 · Cited by 2,016
Invariant visual representation by single neurons in the human brain
Quiroga, R. Q., Reddy, L., Kreiman, G., Koch, C., & Fried, I. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03687 · Cited by 1,988
Self-citationThe Prefrontal Cortex—An Update
Fuster, J. M. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00285-9 · Cited by 1,775
Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain
Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H.-J., & Haynes, J.-D. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2112 · Cited by 1,741
Motor Areas of the Medial Wall: A Review of Their Location and Functional Activation
Picard, N., & Strick, P. L. (1996) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/6.3.342 · Cited by 1,712
Crick, F., & Koch, C. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn0203-119 · Cited by 1,492
Cited by
Neuronal Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data
Schultz, W. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014 · Cited by 1,126
Sense of agency in the human brain
Haggard, P. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.14 · Cited by 1,107
Viventi, J., Kim, D.-H., Vigeland, L., Frechette, E. S., Blanco, J. A., Kim, Y.-S., Avrin, A. E., Tiruvadi, V. R., Hwang, S.-W., Vanleer, A. C., et al. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2973 · Cited by 1,136
Empirical support for higher-order theories of conscious awareness
Lau, H., & Rosenthal, D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.05.009 · Cited by 869
Unconscious influences on decision making: A critical review
Newell, B. R., & Shanks, D. R. (2014) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003214 · Cited by 652
Metadata
- Authors
- Fried, I., Mukamel, R., & Kreiman, G.
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 548-562
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136266574
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 72
- FWCI
- 15.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Internally Generated Preactivation of Single Neurons in Human Medial Frontal Cortex Predicts Volition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.045
- The paper
- Fried, I., Mukamel, R., & Kreiman, G. (2011). Internally Generated Preactivation of Single Neurons in Human Medial Frontal Cortex Predicts Volition. Neuron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.045
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.