Modafinil improves attentional performance in healthy, non-sleep deprived humans at doses not inducing hyperarousal across species
Open accessAbstract
The wake-promoting drug modafinil is frequently used off-label to improve cognition in psychiatric and academic populations alike. The domain-specific attentional benefits of modafinil have yet to be quantified objectively in healthy human volunteers using tasks validated for comparison across species. Further, given that modafinil is a low-affinity inhibitor for the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (DAT/NET respectively) it is unclear if any effects are attributable to a non-specific increase in arousal, a feature of many catecholamine reuptake inhibitors (e.g., cocaine, amphetamine). These experiments were designed to test for domain-specific enhancement of attention and cognitive control by modafinil (200 and 400 mg) in healthy volunteers using the 5-choice continuous performance task (5C-CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sort Task (WCST). An additional cross-species assessment of arousal and hyperactivity was performed in this group and in mice (3.2, 10, or 32 mg/kg) using species-specific versions of the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM). Modafinil significantly enhanced attention (d prime) in humans performing the 5C-CPT at doses that did not affect WCST performance or induce hyperactivity in the BPM. In mice, only the highest dose elicited increased activity in the BPM. These results indicate that modafinil produces domain-specific enhancement of attention in humans not driven by hyperarousal, unlike other drugs in this class, and higher equivalent doses were required for hyperarousal in mice. Further, these data support the utility of using the 5C-CPT across species to more precisely determine the mechanism(s) underlying the pro-cognitive effects of modafinil and potentially other pharmacological treatments.
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Modafinil can improve both sustained and selective attention in healthy subjects.
“It can improve both sustained and selective attention in healthy subjects116,117”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [116]
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- Authors
- Cope, Z. A., Minassian, A., Kreitner, D., MacQueen, D. A., Milienne-Petiot, M., Geyer, M. A., Perry, W., & Young, J. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Jared W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 125
- Pages
- 254-262
- ISSN
- 0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6472902
- OpenAlex
- W2740180692
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (R01MH104344-03, UH2MH109168–01, R01 MH071916, T32MH018399-30)
- Veteran's Administration VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- Keywords
- modafinil, attention, cognitive enhancement, hyperarousal, hyperactivity, cognitive control, dopamine transporter, norepinephrine transporter, cross-species comparison, mice, healthy volunteers
- MeSH terms
- Modafinil, Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Arousal, Attention, Benzhydryl Compounds, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotropic Drugs, Young Adult, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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