The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Peripheral and central effects of repeated social defeat stress: Monocyte trafficking, microglial activation, and anxiety
Open accessAbstract
The development and exacerbation of depression and anxiety are associated with exposure to repeated psychosocial stress. Stress is known to affect the bidirectional communication between the nervous and immune systems leading to elevated levels of stress mediators including glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines and increased trafficking of proinflammatory immune cells. Animal models, like the repeated social defeat (RSD) paradigm, were developed to explore this connection between stress and affective disorders. RSD induces activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, increases bone marrow production and egress of primed, GC-insensitive monocytes, and stimulates the trafficking of these cells to tissues including the spleen, lung, and brain. Recently, the observation that these monocytes have the ability to traffic to the brain perivascular spaces and parenchyma have provided mechanisms by which these peripheral cells may contribute to the prolonged anxiety-like behavior associated with RSD. The data that have been amassed from the RSD paradigm and others recapitulate many of the behavioral and immunological phenotypes associated with human anxiety disorders and may serve to elucidate potential avenues of treatment for these disorders. Here, we will discuss novel and key data that will present an overview of the neuroendocrine, immunological and behavioral responses to social stressors.
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“Furthermore, chronic psychosocial stress promotes an increase in glucocorticoid (GC)-insensitive monocyte populations. Recent studies have also observed that these monocytes possess the ability to transmigrate across the blood–brain barrier, potentially contributing to the development of long-term anxiety-related behaviors [23].”
From Comparative Analysis of HPA-Axis Dysregulation and Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms in Acute Versus Chronic Social Defeat Stress (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the physiological consequences of exposure to RSD are robustly associated with structural changes (e.g., atrophy, connectivity) to neural systems that modulate threat-sensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors (Reader et al., 2015).”
From Developmental psychoneuroendocrine and psychoneuroimmune pathways from childhood adversity to disease (2017) · cites this paper as Reader et al., 2015
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“Repeated social defeat (RSD) is an ethologically relevant social stressor that recapitulates many of the stress-induced immune and behavioral outcomes of stress (Reader et al, 2015).”
From Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal (2017) · cites this paper as Reader et al, 2015
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Cites
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BackgroundInflammation and Its Discontents: The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression
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“The mechanistic association between inflammation and depression is particularly well-established (Raison et al., 2006; Dantzer et al., 2008; Miller et al., 2009; Norman et al., 2010; Capuron and Miller, 2011), while the case continues to build for the mechanistic association between inflammation…”
BackgroundInfluentialFate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis
Yona, S., Kim, K.-W., Wolf, Y., Mildner, A., Varol, D., Breker, M., Strauss-Ayali, D., Viukov, S., Guilliams, M., Misharin, A., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.12.001 · Cited by 3,245 · cited 7×
“Moreover, data suggest that RSD-induced microglial activation is likely an upstream event of monocyte trafficking to the brain and this is dependent on receptors such as CCR2 and CX3CR1 in that increased microglia cytokine expression was still observed in CCR2KO and CX3CR1 KO mice that lacked both perivascular and par…”
BackgroundInfluentialCytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression
Raison, C. L., Capuron, L., & Miller, A. H. (2006) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2005.11.006 · Cited by 3,009 · cited 4×
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“, 2011), while the fractalkine receptor is highly expressed by microglia (Jung et al., 2000).”
BackgroundIdentification of a unique TGF-β–dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia
Butovsky, O., Jedrychowski, M. P., Moore, C. S., Cialic, R., Lanser, A. J., Gabriely, G., Koeglsperger, T., Dake, B., Wu, P. M., Doykan, C. E., et al. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3599 · Cited by 2,543 · cited 1×
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BackgroundIdentification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites
Swirski, F. K., Nahrendorf, M., Etzrodt, M., Wildgruber, M., Cortez-Retamozo, V., Panizzi, P., Figueiredo, J.-L., Kohler, R. H., Chudnovskiy, A., Waterman, P., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1175202 · Cited by 2,221 · cited 1×
“The idea that the spleen serves as an alternative source of monocyte trafficking is seen in several studies involving inflammatory challenges including myocardial infarction (Swirski et al., 2009) and stroke (Seifert et al., 2012).”
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Microglia in physiology and disease
Wolf, S. A., Boddeke, H. W. G. M., & Kettenmann, H. (2017) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034406 · Cited by 1,426
Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression
Hodes, G. E., Kana, V., Menard, C., Merad, M., & Russo, S. J. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4113 · Cited by 585
Pathogenesis of depression: Insights from human and rodent studies
Ménard, C., Hodes, G. E., & Russo, S. J. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.053 · Cited by 593
“…of monocytes originating from the periphery in the brain (Wohleb et al., 2013), suggesting that blood brain-barrier (BBB) permeability may be affected by stress and could contribute to the establishment of depressive-like behaviors and mood disorders (Wohleb et al., 2014b, Reader et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAnimal models of major depression: drawbacks and challenges
Planchez, B., Surget, A., & Belzung, C. (2019) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02084-y · Cited by 480
Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal
Weber, M. D., Godbout, J. P., & Sheridan, J. F. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.102 · Cited by 283
“Repeated social defeat (RSD) is an ethologically relevant social stressor that recapitulates many of the stress-induced immune and behavioral outcomes of stress (Reader et al, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Reader, B. F., Jarrett, B. L., McKim, D. B., Wohleb, E. S., Godbout, J. P., & Sheridan, J. F.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sheridan, J.F.
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 289
- Pages
- 429-442
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4536813
- OpenAlex
- W2024776501
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH-093473, R01-MH093472)
- NIH/NIDCR (T32-DE014320)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- repeated social defeat stress, anxiety-like behavior, monocyte trafficking, microglial activation, neuroimmune interactions, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, depression, psychosocial stress
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Dominance-Subordination, Humans, Monocytes, Stress, Psychological, Microglia
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