Effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of learned fear to an olfactory cue
Abstract
D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial NMDA receptor agonist, facilitates extinction of learned fear in rats and has been used to treat anxiety disorders in clinical populations. However, research into the effects of DCS on extinction is still in its infancy, with visual cues being the primary fear-eliciting stimuli under investigation. In both human and animal subjects odors have been found to associate strongly with aversive events. Therefore, this study examined the generality of the effects of DCS on extinction by testing odor cues. Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned and extinguished to an odor using varying parameters, injected with either saline or DCS (15 mg/kg) following extinction, and then tested for a freezing response 24 h later. Experiment 1 demonstrated that after 3 odor-shock pairings, rats did not display short-term extinction and DCS had no effect on long-term extinction. Experiment 2 demonstrated that after 3 odor-noise pairings, rats displayed significant short-term extinction and DCS significantly facilitated long-term extinction. Following 2 odor-shock pairings in Experiment 3, half the rats displayed short-term extinction ("extinguishers") and half did not ("non-extinguishers"). DCS facilitated long-term extinction in the "extinguishers" condition but not in the "non-extinguishers" condition. In Experiment 4, following 2 odor-shock pairings and an extra extinction session, DCS had a significant facilitatory effect on long-term extinction. Thus, extinction of freezing to an odor cue was facilitated by systemic injections of DCS, but only when some amount of within-session extinction occurred prior to injection.
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Preclinical data suggest that the DCS augmentation effect is moderated by the success of the extinction trials.
“Some preclinical data suggest that the DCS augmentation effect is moderated by the success of the extinction trials.”
From D-cycloserine enhancement of fear extinction is specific to successful exposure sessions: evidence from the treatment of height phobia (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
In animal studies, DCS augmentation effects are achieved only with animals that have demonstrated extinction at the time DCS is administered.
“A number of animal studies have investigated the limits of DCS augmentation effects and indicate that augmentation effects are achieved only with animals that have demonstrated extinction at the time the DCS is administered.”
From D-cycloserine enhancement of fear extinction is specific to successful exposure sessions: evidence from the treatment of height phobia (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Weber, M., Hart, J., & Richardson, R.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Richardson, Rick
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 476-482
- ISSN
- 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2118524208
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (300538)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- D-cycloserine, fear extinction, olfactory conditioning, olfactory cues, NMDA receptor agonist, freezing response, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Association Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Cues, Cycloserine, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Generalization, Stimulus, Male, Smell, Reflex, Startle, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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