A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases browning in perirenal adipose tissue but not in inguinal adipose tissue
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the browning and origin of fatty acids (FAs) in the maintenance of triacylglycerol (TG) storage and/or as fuel for thermogenesis in perirenal adipose tissue (periWAT) and inguinal adipose tissue (ingWAT) of rats fed a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet.Methods LPHC (6% protein, 74% carbohydrate) or control (C; 17% protein, 63% carbohydrate) diets were administered to rats for 15 d. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic analysis. The content of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was determined by immunofluorescence. Levels of T-box transcription factor (TBX1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose transporter 4, β 3-adrenergic receptor (AR), β 1-AR, protein kinase A (PKA), adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and phospho-AMPK were determined by immunoblotting. Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was measured using a commercial kit (Student's t tests, P < 0.05).Results The LPHC diet increased FGF21 levels by 150-fold. The presence of multilocular adipocytes, combined with the increased contents of UCP1, TBX1, and PRDM16 in periWAT of LPHC-fed rats, suggested the occurrence of browning. The contents of β 1-AR and LPL were increased in the periWAT. The ingWAT showed higher ATGL and PEPCK levels, phospho-AMPK/AMPK ratio, and reduced β 3-AR and PKA levels.Conclusion These findings suggest that browning occurred only in the periWAT and that higher utilization of FAs from blood lipoproteins acted as fuel for thermogenesis. Increased glycerol 3-phosphate generation by glyceroneogenesis increased FAs reesterification from lipolysis, explaining the increased TG storage in the ingWAT.
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Circulating FGF21 levels are robustly increased by diets that are high in carbohydrate but low in protein.
“Circulating FGF21 levels are robustly increased by diets that are high in carbohydrate but low in protein”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
Liver FGF21 expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels are increased by the restriction of protein intake in mice, rats, and humans.
“liver FGF21 expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels are increased by the restriction of protein intake in mice, rats, and humans”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
Liver FGF21 production is robustly stimulated by an imbalance in macronutrients, particularly settings of high-carbohydrate but low-protein intake.
“liver FGF21 production seems to be robustly stimulated by an imbalance in macronutrients, particularly settings of high-carbohydrate but low-protein intake”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
Reductions in dietary protein intake-or the intake of specific amino acids-increase liver FGF21 mRNA expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels.
“reductions in dietary protein intake—or the intake of specific amino acids—increase liver FGF21 mRNA expression and circulating FGF21 protein levels”
From FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
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FGF21 and the physiological regulation of macronutrient preference
Hill, C. M., Qualls-Creekmore, E., Berthoud, H.-R., Soto, P., Yu, S., McDougal, D. H., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2020) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqaa019 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
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Homeostatic sensing of dietary protein restriction: a case for FGF21
Hill, C. M., Berthoud, H.-R., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.06.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pereira, M. P., Ferreira, L. A. A., da Silva, F. H. S., Christoffolete, M. A., Metsios, G. S., Chaves, V. E., de França, S. A., Damazo, A. S., Flouris, A. D., & Kawashita, N. H.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (BR)
- Universidade Federal do ABC (BR)
- University of Wolverhampton (GB)
- Federal University of São João del-Rei (BR)
- University of Thessaly (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Kawashita, Nair H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 37-45
- ISSN
- 0899-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2621178865
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Thessaly Institutional Repository (University of Thessaly) (submittedVersion)
- Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- brown adipose tissue browning, low-protein high-carbohydrate diet, perirenal fat, inguinal adipose tissue, thermogenesis, fatty acid utilization, FGF21, UCP1, PRDM16, Tbx1, lipoprotein lipase, beta-adrenergic receptors, AMPK, glyceroneogenesis, triacylglycerol storage, lipolysis, adipogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fibroblast Growth Factors, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Inguinal Canal, Kidney, Male, Rats, Wistar, Diet, Protein-Restricted, Models, Animal, Rats
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