Pharmacologic Effects of FGF21 Are Independent of the “Browning” of White Adipose Tissue

FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

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FGF21 regulates PGC-1α and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis

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Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese

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UCP1 Ablation Induces Obesity and Abolishes Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Mice Exempt from Thermal Stress by Living at Thermoneutrality

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Corrects Obesity in Mice

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Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans

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FGF21 induces PGC-1α and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during the adaptive starvation response

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UCP1 in Brite/Beige Adipose Tissue Mitochondria Is Functionally Thermogenic

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Human BAT Possesses Molecular Signatures That Resemble Beige/Brite Cells

Sharp, L. Z., Shinoda, K., Ohno, H., Scheel, D. W., Tomoda, E., Ruiz, L., Hu, H., Wang, L. L., Pavlova, Z., Gilsanz, V., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049452 · Cited by 635 · see citing works

Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue

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UCP1: The only protein able to mediate adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic inefficiency

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White, Brown, Beige/Brite: Different Adipose Cells for Different Functions?

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates energy metabolism by activating the AMPK–SIRT1–PGC-1α pathway

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Hepatic FGF21 Expression Is Induced at Birth via PPARα in Response to Milk Intake and Contributes to Thermogenic Activation of Neonatal Brown Fat

Hondares, E., Rosell, M., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.02.001 · Cited by 377 · see citing works

Molecular cloning and expression analyses of mouse βklotho, which encodes a novel Klotho family protein

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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Controls Glycemia via Regulation of Hepatic Glucose Flux and Insulin Sensitivity

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The breadth of FGF21's metabolic actions are governed by FGFR1 in adipose tissue

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Interplay between FGF21 and insulin action in the liver regulates metabolism

Emanuelli, B., Vienberg, S. G., Smyth, G., Cheng, C., Stanford, K. I., Arumugam, M., Michael, M. D., Adams, A. C., Kharitonenkov, A., & Kahn, C. R. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci67353 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

Treating Diabetes and Obesity with an FGF21-Mimetic Antibody Activating the βKlotho/FGFR1c Receptor Complex

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Functional thermogenic beige adipogenesis is inducible in human neck fat

Lee, P., Werner, C., Kebebew, E., & Celi, F. S. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.82 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Amelioration of Type 2 Diabetes by Antibody-Mediated Activation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1

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Rationale-Based Engineering of a Potent Long-Acting FGF21 Analog for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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FGF21 Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis via White Adipose and Leptin in Mice

Véniant, M. M., Hale, C., Helmering, J., Chen, M. M., Stanislaus, S., Busby, J., Vonderfecht, S., Xu, J., & Lloyd, D. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040164 · Cited by 141 · see citing works

BMP7 Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity Only at Subthermoneutrality

Boon, M. R., van den Berg, S. A. A., Wang, Y., den Bossche, J. V., Karkampouna, S., Bauwens, M., Saint‐Hubert, M. D., van der Horst, G., Vukičević, S., de Winther, M. P. J., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074083 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Understanding the brown adipocyte as a contributor to energy homeostasis

Chechi, K., Carpentier, A. C., & Richard, D. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.04.002 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Brown adipose tissue as an anti‐obesity tissue in humans

Chechi, K., Nedergaard, J., & Richard, D. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12116 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor-21 is expressed in neonatal and pheochromocytoma-induced adult human brown adipose tissue

Hondares, E., Gallego-Escuredo, J. M., Flachs, P., Frontini, A., Cereijo, R., Goday, A., Perugini, J., Kopecky, P., Giralt, M., Cinti, S., et al. (2013) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.014 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Modulation of adipose tissue thermogenesis as a method for increasing energy expenditure

Sammons, M. F., & Price, D. A. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.016 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines

Severinsen, M. C. K., & Pedersen, B. K. (2020) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaa016 · Cited by 1,226 · see citing works

Understanding the Physiology of FGF21

Fisher, F. M., & Maratos-Flier, E. (2016) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105339 · Cited by 912 · see citing works

A Creatine-Driven Substrate Cycle Enhances Energy Expenditure and Thermogenesis in Beige Fat

Kazak, L., Chouchani, E. T., Jedrychowski, M. P., Erickson, B. K., Shinoda, K., Cohen, P., Vetrivelan, R., Lu, G. Z., Laznik-Bogoslavski, D., Hasenfuss, S. C., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.035 · Cited by 787 · see citing works

Targeting adipose tissue in the treatment of obesity-associated diabetes

Kusminski, C. M., Bickel, P. E., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.75 · Cited by 678 · see citing works

The therapeutic potential of FGF21 in metabolic diseases: from bench to clinic

Geng, L., Lam, K. S. L., & Xu, A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0386-0 · Cited by 607 · see citing works

Therapeutic potential of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23

Degirolamo, C., Sabbà, C., & Moschetta, A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.9 · Cited by 424 · see citing works

Metabolic messengers: FGF21

Flippo, K. H., & Potthoff, M. J. (2021) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00354-2 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

The Ever-Expanding Myokinome: Discovery Challenges and Therapeutic Implications

Whitham, M., & Febbraio, M. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.153 · Cited by 279 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21—Metabolic Role in Mice and Men

Staiger, H., Keuper, M., Berti, L., Hrabě de Angelis, M., & Häring, H.-U. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00016 · Cited by 270 · see citing works

FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues

Schlein, C., Talukdar, S., Heine, M., Fischer, A. W., Krott, L. M., Nilsson, S. K., Brenner, M. B., Heeren, J., & Scheja, L. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.006 · Cited by 252 · see citing works

Induction of Adipose Tissue Browning as a Strategy to Combat Obesity

Kuryłowicz, A., & Puzianowska-Kuźnicka, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176241 · Cited by 219 · see citing works

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis

BonDurant, L. D., & Potthoff, M. J. (2018) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064800 · Cited by 222 · see citing works

Metabolic Responses to Dietary Protein Restriction Require an Increase in FGF21 that Is Delayed by the Absence of GCN2

Laeger, T., Albarado, D. C., Burke, S. J., Trosclair, L., Hedgepeth, J. W., Berthoud, H.-R., Gettys, T. W., Collier, J. J., Münzberg, H., & Morrison, C. D. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.044 · Cited by 206 · see citing works

Chemical Hybridization of Glucagon and Thyroid Hormone Optimizes Therapeutic Impact for Metabolic Disease

Finan, B., Clemmensen, C., Zhu, Z., Stemmer, K., Gauthier, K., Müller, L., De Angelis, M., Moreth, K., Neff, F., Perez-Tilve, D., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.09.014 · Cited by 191 · see citing works

Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health

Castillo‐Armengol, J., Fajas, L., & Lopez‐Mejia, I. C. (2019) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201947903 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Fibroblast growth factor 21 and browning of white adipose tissue

Cuevas-Ramos, D., Mehta, R., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00037 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

FGF21 mediates the thermogenic and insulin-sensitizing effects of dietary methionine restriction but not its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism

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Sustained Brown Fat Stimulation and Insulin Sensitization by a Humanized Bispecific Antibody Agonist for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/βKlotho Complex

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Metabolic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs): Mediators of energy homeostasis

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Low protein-induced increases in FGF21 drive UCP1-dependent metabolic but not thermoregulatory endpoints

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Muscle mitochondrial stress adaptation operates independently of endogenous FGF21 action

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FGF21-Mediated Improvements in Glucose Clearance Require Uncoupling Protein 1

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FGF21 mimetic antibody stimulates UCP1-independent brown fat thermogenesis via FGFR1/βKlotho complex in non-adipocytes

Chen, M. Z., Chang, J. C., Zavala-Solorio, J., Kates, L., Thai, M., Ogasawara, A., Bai, X., Flanagan, S., Nunez, V., Phamluong, K., et al. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

A low-protein diet induces body weight loss and browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue through enhanced expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)

Pérez‐Martí, A., Garcia‐Guasch, M., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Carrilho‐Do‐Rosário, A., Estruch, R., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Martínez‐González, M. Á., Lamuela‐Raventós, R., Marrero, P. F., Haro, D., et al. (2017) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600725 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Is Glucagon Receptor Activation the Thermogenic Solution for Treating Obesity?

Conceição-Furber, E., Coskun, T., Sloop, K. W., & Samms, R. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.868037 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

Looking on the “brite” side exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue

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A Genetic Model to Study the Contribution of Brown and Brite Adipocytes to Metabolism

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Low-protein and methionine, high-starch diets increase energy intake and expenditure, increase FGF21, decrease IGF-1, and have little effect on adiposity in mice

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A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases browning in perirenal adipose tissue but not in inguinal adipose tissue

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Glucagon and energy expenditure; Revisiting amino acid metabolism and implications for weight loss therapy

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Brown adipose tissue response to cafeteria diet-feeding involves induction of the UCP2 gene and is impaired in female rats as compared to males

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Functional role of NCX1 in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

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Relationship between brown adipose tissue and glucose metabolism

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Brown adipose tissue lipoprotein and glucose disposal is not determined by thermogenesis in uncoupling protein 1-deficient mice

Fischer, A. W., Behrens, J. R., Sass, F., Schlein, C., Heine, M., Pertzborn, P., Scheja, L., & Heeren, J. (2020) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra119000455 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Direct detection of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in UCP1−/− mice by hyperpolarized 129Xe MR thermometry

Antonacci, M., McHugh, C. T., Kelley, M., McCallister, A., Degan, S., & Branca, R. T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51483-4 · Cited by 33 · see citing works