The DOI matches its Crossref record; 155 of the 165 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Arousal, avoidant and decisional procrastinators: Do they exist?
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In the citing paper
“Second, previous authors have distinguished between two forms of delay associated with procrastination: a delay in making a decision and a delay in implementing an action61,62.”
From Temporal discounting predicts procrastination in the real world (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“This notion is supported by Steel (2010), who has found inconclusive evidence for the division of procrastination into different subtypes (i.e., arousal, avoidant, and decisional procrastination).”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
In the citing paper
“Hence, Steel (2010) reviewed the psychometric properties of all of the available self-report measures of procrastination using factor analysis, suggesting a new outcome measure with improved correlations to key constructs presumed to be related to procrastination -namely, the Pure Procrastination Scale.”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Steel (2010)
In the citing paper
“Several outcome measures have been proposed and are often implemented when investigating the prevalence of procrastination among students and the adult population, most notably the General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986), the Adult Inventory of Procrastination (Steel, 2010), the Decisional Procrastination Questionnaire (Steel, 2010), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (Solomon & Rothb”
From Understanding and Treating Procrastination: A Review of a Common Self-Regulatory Failure (2014) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
In the citing paper
“Procrastinators are present-oriented and impulsive and tend to score low on tests measuring conscientiousness and planning, and high on susceptibility to temptation (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1993; van Eerde, 2003; Steel, 2010).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
In the citing paper
“Procrastinators are present-oriented and impulsive and tend to score low on tests measuring conscientiousness and planning, and high on susceptibility to temptation (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1993; van Eerde, 2003; Steel, 2010).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
In the citing paper
“Procrastinators are present-oriented and impulsive and tend to score low on tests measuring conscientiousness and planning, and high on susceptibility to temptation (Lay and Schouwenburg, 1993; van Eerde, 2003; Steel, 2010).”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
In the citing paper
“The PPS has high construct validity (Svartdal et al., 2016) and is validated for online use (Steel, 2010).”
From Group cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing procrastination in college students: a randomized controlled trial (2026) · cites this paper as Steel, 2010
Citations
Cites
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“Finally, procrastinators are particularly impulsive, especially when it comes to resisting temptations (Steel, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRefining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.
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“Relevant studies employed five key procrastination scales and their revised versions, specifically: the AIP (15 items; McCown & Johnson, 1989), the GPS (20 items; Lay, 1986), and the DPQ (5 items; Mann, 1982) the PASS (12 items; Solomon & Rothblum, 1984), and the TPS (16 items; Tuckman, 1991).”
MethodRees, G. E. (1999) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027//0269-8803.13.3.199 · Cited by 1,220
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Hu, Y., Xiang, J., Jin, Y., Fan, Q., Wang, C., Wu, Y., Zheng, D., Tang, Y. T., Li, W., Hu, B., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2605127123
Sanabria-Pérez, L., Garzón-Umerenkova, A., & Flores, J. G. (2026) · Psychological Test Adaptation and Development · doi:10.1027/2698-1866/a000145
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Metadata
- Authors
- Steel, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Steel, Piers
- ORCID
- Steel, Piers
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-06
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 926-934
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2049069746
- Cited by
- 514
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- procrastination, decisional procrastination, Pure Procrastination Scale, scale development, subjective well-being
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