Differential predictors of the long-term levels of pain intensity, work disability, healthcare use, and medication use in a sample of workers' compensation claimants
Abstract
The fear avoidance model of pain (FAM) conceptualizes pain catastrophizing as the cognitive antecedent of pain-related fear, and pain-related fear as the emotional antecedent of depression and disability. The FAM is essentially one of mediation whereby pain-related fear becomes the process by which depression or disability ensue. However, emerging literature suggests that pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, and depression might be at least partially distinct in their prediction of different pain-related outcomes. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether psychological factors in the FAM (pain catastrophizing, pain-related fear, and depression) differentially predict long-term pain-related outcomes. Toward this objective, we conducted a prospective study using a cohort of 202 individuals with subacute work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Participants completed a 7-week physical therapy program with a functional rehabilitation orientation. Posttreatment measures of fear of movement, pain catastrophizing, depression, and pain self-efficacy were used to predict the persistence of pain symptoms, healthcare use, medication use, and return-to-work at one-year follow-up. Results from hierarchical linear and logistic regression analyses revealed that pain catastrophizing and fear of movement act as differential predictors of long-term pain-related outcomes. Specifically, we found unique relationships between pain catastrophizing and long-term pain intensity, and fear of movement and long-term work disability. After controlling for pain intensity and FAM variables, pain self-efficacy was shown to be a unique predictor of medication use. Implications for the FAM and the clinical management of musculoskeletal pain conditions are discussed. Unique relationships were found between pain catastrophizing and long-term pain intensity, between fear of movement and long-term work disability, and between pain self-efficacy and medication use at one-year follow-up.
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Studies show changes in functional connectivity in chronic pain patients.
“Further, studies show changes in functional connectivity in chronic pain patients.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [384]
Variability in catastrophizing is associated with individual differences in functional brain response to various stimuli and with potential alterations in brain morphology.
“A growing number of neuroimaging studies have suggested that variability in catastrophizing is associated with individual differences in the functional brain response to a variety of stimuli, as well as potential alterations in brain morphology 359, 384, 387, 389–395.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [384]
Many psychosocial factors, especially pain-specific cognitive and affective processes, have strong associations with functional brain responses to pain.
“many of the psychosocial factors and, more specifically, pain- specific cognitive and affective processes, have strong associations with functional brain responses to pain.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [384]
Studies of the brain's default mode network and other resting-state networks suggest long-lasting functional brain changes related to chronic pain.
“studies of the brain’s default mode network and other resting state networks suggest long-lasting functional brain changes related to the presence of chronic pain 379, 384–387.”
From Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [384]
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- Authors
- Wideman, T. H., & Sullivan, M. J. L.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 152
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 376-383
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2108495176
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec (FRSQ)
- Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Securité du Travail (IRSST)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, fear of pain, depression, pain self-efficacy, work-related musculoskeletal disorders, return to work, work disability, pain intensity, health care utilization, medication use, physiotherapy, functional rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Canada, Depression, Fear, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Pain, Prospective Studies, Workers' Compensation, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Catastrophization
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