Blockade of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) action as a novel means of countering insulin resistance in the treatment of obesity-diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a 42 amino acid hormone secreted from intestinal K-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. Despite a recognised physiological role for GIP as an insulin secretagogue to control postprandial blood glucose levels, growing evidence reveals important actions of GIP on adipocytes and promotion of fat deposition in tissues. As such, blockade of GIP receptor (GIPR) action has been proposed as a means to counter insulin resistance, and improve metabolic status in obesity and related diabetes. In agreement with this, numerous independent observations in animal models support important therapeutic applications of GIPR antagonists in obesity-diabetes. Sustained administration of peptide-based GIPR inhibitors, low molecular weight GIPR antagonists, GIPR neutralising antibodies as well as genetic knockout of GIPR's or vaccination against GIP all demonstrate amelioration of insulin resistance and reduced body weight gain in response to high fat feeding. These observations were consistently associated with decreased accumulation of lipids in peripheral tissues, thereby alleviating insulin resistance. Although the impact of prolonged GIPR inhibition on bone turnover still needs to be determined, evidence to date indicates that GIPR antagonists represent an exciting novel treatment option for obesity-diabetes.
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Irwin, N., McClean, P. L., Cassidy, R. S., O'Harte, F. P. M., Green, B. D., Gault, V. A., Harriott, P., & Flatt, P. R. (2007) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.729 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationShimotoyodome, A., Suzuki, J. S., Kameo, Y., & Hase, T. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510005854 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sub-chronic administration of stable GIP analog in mice decreases serum LPL activity and body weight
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Active immunization against (Pro 3 )GIP improves metabolic status in high‐fat‐fed mice
Montgomery, I. A., Irwin, N., & Flatt, P. R. (2010) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01228.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationParker, J. C., Irwin, N., Lavery, K. S., Green, B. D., O'Harte, F. P. M., Gault, V. A., & Flatt, P. R. (2007) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2007.024 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationO'Harte, F. P. M., Franklin, Z. J., & Irwin, N. (2014) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12360 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMaekawa, R., Ogata, H., Murase, M., Harada, N., Suzuki, K., Joo, E., Sankoda, A., Iida, A., Izumoto, T., Tsunekawa, S., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00352.2017 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
O'Harte, F. P. M., Franklin, Z. J., Rafferty, E. P., & Irwin, N. (2013) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.014 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationNakamura, T., Tanimoto, H., Mizuno, Y., Tsubamoto, Y., & Noda, H. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01555.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kerr, B. D., Flatt, A. J., Flatt, P. R., & Gault, V. A. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.077 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKoenitzer, J. D., Pramanick, S., Pan, Q., Augustin, R., Bandholtz, S., Harriman, W. D., & Izquierdo, S. M. (2017) · mAbs · doi:10.1080/19420862.2016.1276683 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Selectivity of peptide ligands for the human incretin receptors expressed in HEK-293 cells
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McClean, P. L., Gault, V. A., Irwin, N., McCluskey, J. T., & Flatt, P. R. (2007) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00712.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationde Toro‐Martín, J., Fernández‐Millán, E., Lizárraga-Mollinedo, E., López‐Oliva, M. E., Serradas, P., Escrivá, F., & Álvarez, C. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-2043 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Perry, R., Craig, S., Ng, M., Gault, V. A., Flatt, P. R., & Irwin, N. (2019) · Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1177/1179551419875453 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationGault, V. A., Harriott, P., Flatt, P. R., & O'Harte, F. P. M. (2002) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1023/a:1022073819618 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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Self-citationIrwin, N., Franklin, Z. J., & O'Harte, F. P. M. (2013) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.03.041 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterisation and biological activity of Glu3 amino acid substituted GIP receptor antagonists
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Self-citationIrwin, N., Green, B. D., Parker, J. C., Gault, V. A., O'Harte, F. P. M., & Flatt, P. R. (2006) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2006.03.006 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationIrwin, N., Montgomery, I. A., & Flatt, P. R. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511005228 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Self-citationGlucagon receptor antagonist and GIP agonist combination for diet-induced obese mice
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Self-citationRD Lawrence Lecture 2017 Incretins: the intelligent hormones in diabetes
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Inhibition of GIP signaling extends lifespan without caloric restriction
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Nauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H. (2021) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14496 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
The carbohydrate-insulin model: A physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic
Ludwig, D. S., Aronne, L. J., Astrup, A., de Cabo, R., Cantley, L. C., Friedman, M. I., Heymsfield, S. B., Johnson, J. D., King, J. C., Krauss, R. M., et al. (2021) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab270 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
De Fano, M., Malara, M., Vermigli, C., & Murdolo, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168650 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Irwin, N., Gault, V. A., O’Harte, F. P. M., & Flatt, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Irwin, Nigel
- Venue
- Peptides
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 125
- Pages
- 170203
- ISSN
- 0196-9781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2989467600
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.ulster.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Peptides (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Diabetes UK
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
- Invest Northern Ireland
- Irish Endocrine Society
- SAAD Trading and Contracting Company
- Department for the Economy (DfE) Northern Ireland
- Diabetes Research & Wellness Foundation
- University of Ulster strategic research funding
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP receptor antagonist, insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, adipocytes, fat deposition, insulin secretion, high-fat feeding, bone turnover
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone, Weight Loss
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