Cited by 83Vagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors StudyNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Neuroimmune nexus in the pathophysiology and therapy of inflammatory disorders: Role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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Keever, Kasey R., Yakubenko, Valentin P., Hoover, Donald B.·2023·Pharmacological Research

Abstract

The α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a key protein in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) that links the nervous and immune systems. Initially, the pathway was discovered based on the observation that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) reduced the systemic inflammatory response in septic animals. Subsequent studies form a foundation for the leading hypothesis about the central role of the spleen in CAP activation. VNS evokes noradrenergic stimulation of ACh release from T cells in the spleen, which in turn activates α7nAChRs on the surface of macrophages. α7nAChR-mediated signaling in macrophages reduces inflammatory cytokine secretion and modifies apoptosis, proliferation, and macrophage polarization, eventually reducing the systemic inflammatory response. A protective role of the CAP has been demonstrated in preclinical studies for multiple diseases including sepsis, metabolic disease, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, endometriosis, and potentially COVID-19, sparking interest in using bioelectronic and pharmacological approaches to target α7nAChRs for treating inflammatory conditions in patients. Despite a keen interest, many aspects of the cholinergic pathway are still unknown. α7nAChRs are expressed on many other subsets of immune cells that can affect the development of inflammation differently. There are also other sources of ACh that modify immune cell functions. How the interplay of ACh and α7nAChR on different cells and in various tissues contributes to the anti-inflammatory responses requires additional study. This review provides an update on basic and translational studies of the CAP in inflammatory diseases, the relevant pharmacology of α7nAChR-activated drugs and raises some questions that require further investigation.

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  • Expression or downstream signaling (e.g., JAK2/STAT3) of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is impaired in the inflammatory milieu, preventing ACh from effectively inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory factor transcription.

    “Expression or downstream signaling (e.g., JAK2/STAT3) of its key receptor, the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), is impaired in the inflammatory milieu, preventing ACh from effectively inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory factor transcription [8].”

    From Research Advances in the Pathogenesis of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy (2026) · cites this paper as [8]

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  1. [107]Su X, Matthay MA, Malik AB, Requisite role of the cholinergic alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor pathway in suppressing Gram-negative sepsis-induced acute lung inflammatory injury, J Immunol. 184 (2010) 401– 410. 10.4049/jimmunol.0901808. 19949071 PMC2877486 · DOI
  2. [181]Barrish J, Carter P, Cheng P, Zahler R, Accounts in Drug Discovery: Case Studies in Medicinal Chemistry, eBook, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010.

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Authors
Keever, K. R., Yakubenko, V. P., & Hoover, D. B.
Affiliations
East Tennessee State University (US)
Corresponding author
Hoover, Donald B.
Venue
Pharmacological Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2023-05
Volume
191
Pages
106758
ISSN
1043-6618 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4362636707
Cited by
82
References
178
Citations by year
2026: 37 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 2
FWCI
2.13
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Pharmacological Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • PubMed Central (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R15 HL157836-01A1)
  • East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, neuroimmune interactions, vagus nerve stimulation, macrophage polarization, sepsis, inflammatory cytokines, bioelectronic medicine, anti-inflammatory agents, autoimmune disease, COVID-19 pandemic
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Animals, Female, Inflammation, Macrophages, Receptors, Nicotinic, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

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