VNS therapy in treatment-resistant depression: clinical evidence and putative neurobiological mechanisms
Abstract
Currently available therapeutic interventions for treatment-resistant depression, including switch, combination, and augmentation strategies, are less than ideal. Observations of mood elevation during vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy suggested a role for VNS therapy in refractory major depression and prompted clinical investigation of this neurostimulation modality. The VNS Therapy System has been available for treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy since 1997 and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment-resistant depression in July, 2005. The physiology of the vagus nerve, mechanics of the VNS Therapy System, and efficacy and safety in pharmacoresistant epilepsy are reviewed. Promising results of VNS therapy for treatment-resistant depression have been forthcoming from both acute and long-term studies, evidenced in part by progressive improvements in depression rating scale scores during the 1st year of treatment with maintenance of response thereafter. VNS therapy is well tolerated in patients with either pharmacoresistant epilepsy or treatment-resistant depression. As in epilepsy, the mechanisms of VNS therapy of treatment-resistant depression are incompletely understood. However, evidence from neuroimaging and other studies suggests that VNS therapy acts via innervation of the nucleus tractus solitarius, with secondary projections to limbic and cortical structures that are involved in mood regulation, including brainstem regions that contain serotonergic (raphe nucleus) and noradrenergic (locus ceruleus) perikarya that project to the forebrain. Mechanisms that mediate the beneficial effects of VNS therapy for treatment-resistant depression remain obscure. Suggestions for future research directions are described.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Nerve neuroprosthetics offer applications such as control of bladder function, management of depression, and restoration of sensory perception in amputees.
“Whether by activating nerves through electrical stimulation or by reading their electrical signals, nerve neuroprosthetics offer a myriad of applications such as the control of bladder function (Brindley et al., 1982), management of depression (Nemeroff et al., 2006), and restoration of sensory perception in amputees (D'Anna et al., 2019).”
From Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics (2021) · cites this paper as Nemeroff et al., 2006
Through direct or indirect anatomic connections via the NTS, the vagus nerve has structural connections with several mood regulating limbic and cortical brain areas.
“Through direct or indirect anatomic connections via the NTS, the vagus nerve has structural connections with several mood regulating limbic and cortical brain areas (82).”
From Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [82]
Cites
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Koretz, D., Merikangas, K. R., Rush, A. J., Walters, E. E., & Wang, P. S. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3095 · Cited by 7,988 · see citing works
How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., Voon, V., McNeely, H. E., Seminowicz, D., Hamani, C., Schwalb, J. M., & Kennedy, S. H. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.014 · Cited by 4,059 · see citing works
Self-citationNibuya, M., Morinobu, S., & Duman, R. (1995) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-11-07539.1995 · Cited by 2,109 · see citing works
Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system
Berthoud, H.-R., & Neuhuber, W. L. (2000) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00215-0 · Cited by 1,280 · see citing works
Mayberg, H. S., Brannan, S. K., Tekell, J. L., Silva, J. A., Mahurin, R. K., McGinnis, S., & Jerabek, P. A. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01036-2 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Self-citationVagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures
Handforth, A., DeGiorgio, C. M., Schachter, S. C., Uthman, B. M., Naritoku, D. K., Tecoma, E. S., Henry, T. R., Collins, S. D., Vaughn, B. V., Gilmartin, R. C., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.1.48 · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress
Sagduyu, K. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.7.1251-a · Cited by 1,023 · see citing works
Neuropsychopharmacology : The Fifth Generation of Progress
Davis, K. L., Charney, D. S., Coyle, J. T., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) · Lippincott Williams & Wilkins eBooks · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Self-citationLong-term treatment with vagus nerve stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy
Morris, G. L., Mueller, W. M., & The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group E–E (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.8.1731 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Rush, A. J., George, M. S., Sackeïm, H. A., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Giller, C. A., Nahas, Z. H., Haines, S. J., Simpson, R. K., & Goodman, R. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00304-2 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Self-citationSackeim, H. A., Haskett, R. F., Mulsant, B. H., Thase, M. E., Mann, J. J., Pettinati, H. M., Greenberg, R. M., Crowe, R. R., Cooper, T. B., & Prudic, J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.10.1299 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Ben‐Menachem, E., Mañon‐Espaillat, R., Ristanovic, R., Wilder, B. J., Stefan, H., Mirza, W., Tarver, W. B., Wernicke, J. F., & First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group (1994) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02482.x · Cited by 683 · see citing works
(1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.2.224 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Burden of Disease—Implications for Future Research
Michaud, C. M. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.5.535 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Drevets, W. (2002) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)00102-5 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Sackeim, H. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00271-8 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Locus Coeruleus Lesions Suppress the Seizure‐Attenuating Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Krahl, S. E., Clark, K. B., Smith, D. C., & Browning, R. A. (1998) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01155.x · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Self-citationProspective Long‐Term Study of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Refractory Seizures
DeGiorgio, C. M., Schachter, S. C., Handforth, A., Salinsky, M., Thompson, J., Uthman, B., Reed, R., Collin, S., Tecoma, E., Morris, G. L., et al. (2000) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00325.x · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Self-citationVagus nerve stimulation: a new tool for brain research and therapy
George, M. S., Sackeim, H. A., Rush, A. J., Marangell, L. B., Nahas, Z., Husain, M. M., Lisanby, S., Burt, T., Goldman, J., & Ballenger, J. C. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00308-x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Self-citationPoststroke depression: prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression
Robinson, R. G. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00423-2 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Judd, L. L., Paulus, M. J., Schettler, P. J., Akiskal, H. S., Endicott, J., Leon, A. C., Maser, J. D., Mueller, T., Solomon, D. A., & Keller, M. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.9.1501 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Therapeutic mechanisms of vagus nerve stimulation
Henry, T. R. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.6_suppl_4.s3 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Self-citationRush, A. J., Sackeïm, H. A., Marangell, L. B., George, M. S., Brannan, S. K., Thomas, S., Lavori, P., Howland, R. H., Kling, M. A., Rittberg, B. R., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.024 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment of major depressive episodes
Nahas, Z., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Rush, A. J., Sackeim, H. A., Lisanby, S. H., Martinez, J. M., & George, M. S. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0902 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression, mortality, and medical morbidity in patients with coronary heart disease
Carney, R. M., & Freedland, K. E. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00111-2 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Ben‐Menachem, E., Hamberger, A., Hedner, T., Hammond, E. J., Uthman, B. M., Slater, J. D., Treig, T., Stefan, H., Ramsay, R. E., Wernicke, J. F., et al. (1995) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/0920-1211(94)00083-9 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
George, M. S., Rush, A. J., Marangell, L. B., Sackeim, H. A., Brannan, S. K., Davis, S. M., Howland, R., Kling, M. A., Moreno, F., Rittberg, B., et al. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.028 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Self-citationHenry, T. R., Bakay, R. A. E., Votaw, J. R., Pennell, P. B., Epstein, C. M., Faber, T. L., Grafton, S. T., & Hoffman, J. M. (1998) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01448.x · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Self-citationVagus nerve stimulation is associated with mood improvements in epilepsy patients
Elger, G., Hoppe, C., Falkai, P., Rush, A. J., & Elger, C. E. (2000) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00181-9 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Decreased Regional Brain Metabolism After ECT
Nobler, M. S., Oquendo, M. A., Kegeles, L. S., Malone, K. M., Campbell, C., Sackeim, H. A., & Mann, J. J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.305 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Evidence implicating substantia nigra in regulation of kindled seizure threshold
McNamara, J., Galloway, M. T., Rigsbee, L. C., & Shin, C. (1984) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-09-02410.1984 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Self-citationNaritoku, D. K., Terry, W. J., & Helfert, R. H. (1995) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/0920-1211(95)00035-9 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for major depressive episodes: one year outcomes
Marangell, L. B., Rush, A. J., George, M. S., Sackeïm, H. A., Johnson, C. R., Husain, M. M., Nahas, Z. H., & Lisanby, S. H. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01343-9 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings
Prudic, J., Olfson, M., Marcus, S. C., Fuller, R. B., & Sackeim, H. A. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.09.015 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
A review of functional neuroimaging studies of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
Chae, J.-H., Nahas, Z., Lomarev, M., Denslow, S., Lorberbaum, J. P., Bohning, D. E., & George, M. S. (2003) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00074-8 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute blood flow changes and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in partial epilepsy
Henry, T. R., Votaw, J. R., Pennell, P. B., Epstein, C. M., Bakay, R. A. E., Faber, T. L., Grafton, S. T., & Hoffman, J. M. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.6.1166 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Self-citationA Pilot Study of Mood in Epilepsy Patients Treated with Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Harden, C. L., Pulver, M. C., Ravdin, L., Nikolov, B. G., Halper, J. P., & Labar, D. (2000) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1006/ebeh.2000.0046 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Lomarev, M., Denslow, S., Nahas, Z., Chae, J.-H., George, M. S., & Bohning, D. E. (2002) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(02)00013-4 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationVagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Medically Intractable Seizures
Salinsky, M. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550110128021 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Regulation of Limbic Motor Seizures by GABA and Glutamate Transmission in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
Walker, B. R., Easton, A. E., & Gale, K. (1999) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00818.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Henry, T. R., Bakay, R. A. E., Pennell, P. B., Epstein, C. M., & Votaw, J. R. (2004) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.03104.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationClinckers, R., Smolders, I. J., Meurs, A., Ebinger, G., & Michotte, Y. M. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02355.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Electrophysiological Studies of Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Humans: I. EEG Effects
Hammond, E. J., Uthman, B. M., Reid, S. A., & Wilder, B. J. (1992) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb01752.x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Feasibility of Vagus Nerve Stimulation–Synchronized Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Functional MRI
Bohning, D. E., Lomarev, M. P., Denslow, S., Nahas, Z. H., Shastri, A., & George, M. S. (2001) · Investigative Radiology · doi:10.1097/00004424-200108000-00006 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationCarpenter, L. L., Moreno, F. A., Kling, M. A., Anderson, G. M., Regenold, W. T., Labiner, D. M., & Price, L. H. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.025 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Schulze-Rauschenbach, S. C., Harms, U., Schlaepfer, T. E., Maier, W., Falkai, P., & Wagner, M. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.410 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Zobel, A., Joe, A., Freymann, N., Clusmann, H., Schramm, J., Reinhardt, M., Biersack, H.-J., Maier, W., & Broich, K. (2005) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.02.010 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective in a rat model of antidepressant action
Krahl, S. E., Senanayake, S. S., Pekary, A. E., & Sattin, A. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.11.005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationNewer anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Yatham, L. N. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Montoya, A. G., Weiss, A. P., Price, B. H., Cassem, E. H., Dougherty, D. D., Nierenberg, A. A., Rauch, S. L., & Cosgrove, G. R. (2002) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-200205000-00018 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Acute vagus nerve stimulation using different pulse widths produces varying brain effects
Mu, Q., Bohning, D. E., Nahas, Z. H., Walker, J., Anderson, B. S., Johnson, K. A., Denslow, S., Lomarev, M. P., Moghadam, P., Chae, J., et al. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.004 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationKauffmann, C. D., Cheema, M. A., & Miller, B. E. (2004) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10144 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
ECT in the Treatment of Status Epilepticus
Lisanby, S. H., Bazil, C. W., Resor, S. R., Nobler, M. S., Finck, D. A., & Sackeïm, H. A. (2001) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200109000-00013 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
George, M. S., Sackeïm, H. A., Marangell, L. B., Husain, M. M., Nahas, Z. H., Lisanby, S. H., Ballenger, J. C., & Rush, A. J. (2000) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70196-9 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationTreating Depression to Remission
Rush, A. J., & Trivedi, M. H. (1995) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-03 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Consensus guidelines in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
Rush, A. J., Crismon, M. L., Toprac, M. G., Trivedi, M. H., Rago, W. V., Shon, S., & Altshuler, K. Z. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Seizure inhibition by median raphe nucleus stimulation in rat
Kovacs, D. A., & Zoll, J. G. (1974) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90224-8 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dalgleish, T., Yiend, J., Bramham, J., Teasdale, J. D., Ogilvie, A. D., Malhi, G. S., & Howard, R. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.161.10.1913 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Depression: a role for neurosurgery?
Malhi, G., & Bartlett, J. (2000) · British Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.1080/02688690050175193 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Rosenbaum, J. F., & Heninger, G. R. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00318-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Serotonergic inhibition of amygdala-kindled seizures in cats
Siegel, J., & Murphy, G. J. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90858-8 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Rasmussen, K. G., Sampson, S. M., & Rummans, T. A. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.6.552 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mechanisms of action of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
George, M. S., Nahas, Z. H., Bohning, D. E., Mu, Q., Kozel, F. A., Borckhardt, J., & Denslow, S. (2004) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2004.06.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of VNS on regional cerebral blood flow in depressed subjects
Devous, M. D., Husain, M. H., Harris, T. S., & Rush, A. J. (2002) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80506-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation and refractory depression
Matthews, K., & Eljamel, S. (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.183.3.181 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Elektrische Hirnstimulation in der Epilepsietherapie
Kellinghaus, C., Loddenkemper, T., Möddel, G., Tergau, F., Lüders, J. C., Lüdemann, P., Nair, D. R., & Lüders, H. O. (2003) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-003-1541-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Stolerman, I. P., & Price, L. H. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-36172-2_200702 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Examining the Safety and Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression
Demitrack, M. A. (2005) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20050201-04 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Chew, M. V., Escaravage, E., Savignac, H. M., Dinan, T. G., Bienenstock, J., & Cryan, J. F. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1102999108 · Cited by 3,888 · see citing works
Interoception and Mental Health: A Roadmap.
Khalsa, S. S., Adolphs, R., Cameron, O. G., Critchley, H. D., Davenport, P. W., Feinstein, J. S., Feusner, J. D., Garfinkel, S. N., Lane, R. D., Mehling, W. E., et al. (2018) · Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.004 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
Self-citationVagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders
Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00044 · Cited by 1,189 · see citing works
Malhi, G. S., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Fitzgerald, P. B., Fritz, K., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Murray, G., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415617657 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
“A small series of studies has evaluated whether VNS has antidepressant effects (Nemeroff et al., 2006), and it appears to produce some antidepressant response but this emerges slowly and only in a minority of patients.”
BackgroundStreeter, C. C., Gerbarg, P. L., Saper, R. B., Ciraulo, D. A., & Brown, R. P. (2012) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.021 · Cited by 694 · see citing works
Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., van Hemert, S., Bosch, J. A., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
“Stimulation of the vagus nerve has already been described as a successful method to treat patients suffering from depression (Nemeroff et al., 2006).”
MethodMilev, R. V., Giacobbe, P., Kennedy, S. H., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Downar, J., Modirrousta, M., Patry, S., Vila-Rodriguez, F., Lam, R. W., et al. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716660033 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Regulation of the stress response by the gut microbiota: implications for psychoneuroendocrinology
Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.007 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
An active inference theory of allostasis and interoception in depression
Barrett, L. F., Quigley, K. S., & Hamilton, P. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0011 · Cited by 554 · see citing works
Parikh, S. V., Quilty, L. C., Ravitz, P., Rosenbluth, M., Pavlova, B., Grigoriadis, S., Velyvis, V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., MacQueen, G. M., et al. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716659418 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W. M., Parikh, S. V., Patten, S. B., & Ravindran, A. V. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.043 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Streeter, C. C., Whitfield, T. H., Owen, L., Rein, T., Karri, S. K., Yakhkind, A., Perlmutter, R., Prescot, A. P., Renshaw, P. F., Ciraulo, D. A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2010.0007 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Optimization of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Using Functional MRI
Yakunina, N., Kim, S. S., & Nam, E. (2016) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12541 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics
Carnicer-Lombarte, A., Chen, S.-T., Malliaras, G. G., & Barone, D. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.622524 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
“Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve—a cranial nerve connecting the brain with many of the body’s organs—is also becoming an increasingly popular choice for the treatment of conditions such as epilepsy (Uthman et al., 2004) and depression (Schachter, 2002; Nemeroff et al., 2006).”
Background(2007) · PubMed · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Self-citationYap, J. Y. Y., Keatch, C., Lambert, É., Woods, W., Stoddart, P. R., & Kameneva, T. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00284 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Quintana, D. S., Alvares, G. A., & Heathers, J. A. J. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.73 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulates Default Mode Network in Major Depressive Disorder
Fang, J., Rong, P., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Liu, J. H., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Chen, X., Shi, S. R., Wang, L., et al. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.025 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Kraus, T., Hösl, K. M., Kiess, O., Schanze, A., Kornhuber, J., & Forster, C. (2007) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0755-z · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Farmer, A. D., Strzelczyk, A., Finisguerra, A., Gourine, A. V., Gharabaghi, A., Hasan, A., Burger, A. M., Jaramillo, A. M., Mertens, A., Majid, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.568051 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Follesa, P., Biggio, F., Gorini, G., Caria, S., Talani, G., Dazzi, L., Puligheddu, M., Marrosu, F., & Biggio, G. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.045 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Long Term Vagal Stimulation in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure First Experience in Man
Schwartz, P. J., Ferrari, G. M. D., Sanzo, A., Landolina, M., Rordorf, R., Raineri, C., Campana, C., Revera, M., Ajmone-Marsan, N., Tavazzi, L., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.07.016 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Kraus, T., Kiess, O., Hösl, K. M., Terekhin, P., Kornhuber, J., & Forster, C. (2013) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2013.01.011 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Rong, P., Liu, J., Wang, L., Liu, R., Fang, J., Zhao, J., Zhao, Y., Wang, H., Vangel, M., Sun, S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.031 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on pain perception – An experimental study
Busch, V., Zeman, F., Heckel, A., Menne, F., Ellrich, J., & Eichhammer, P. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.006 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Simmons, W. K., Burrows, K., Avery, J. A., Kerr, K. L., Bodurka, J., Savage, C. R., & Drevets, W. C. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020162 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Kennedy, S. H., Milev, R. V., Giacobbe, P., Ramasubbu, R., Lam, R. W. M., Parikh, S. V., Patten, S. B., & Ravindran, A. V. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.039 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Controlling inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
Pavlov, V. A., & Tracey, K. J. (2006) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0341037 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Overview of the Clinical Applications of Vagus Nerve Stimulation
Beekwilder, J. P., & Beems, T. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/wnp.0b013e3181d64d8a · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Vagal nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression
Carreno, F. R., & Frazer, A. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0537-8 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationSharon, O., Fahoum, F., & Nir, Y. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1361-20.2020 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation for depression: efficacy and safety in a European study
Schlaepfer, T. E., Frick, C., Zobel, A., Maier, W., Heuser, I., Bajbouj, M., O'Keane, V., Corcoran, C., Adolfsson, R., Trimble, M., et al. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001924 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation in brain diseases: Therapeutic applications and biological mechanisms
Wang, Y., Zhan, G., Cai, Z., Jiao, B., Zhao, Y., Li, S., & Luo, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.018 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Therapeutic Options for Treatment-Resistant Depression
Shelton, R. C., Osuntokun, O. O., Heinloth, A. N., & Corya, S. A. (2010) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11530280-000000000-00000 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Kim, A. Y., Marduy, A., de Melo, P. S., Gianlorenço, A. C., Kim, C. K., Choi, S., Song, J., & Fregni, F. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25864-1 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation: From Concept to Application
Wang, Y., Li, S., Wang, D., Wu, M., He, J., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Hou, L.-W., Wang, J., Wang, L., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-020-00619-y · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation: From pre-clinical to clinical application: Challenges and future directions
De Ferrari, G. M., & Schwartz, P. J. (2011) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-010-9216-0 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Daban, C., Martinez-Aran, A., Cruz, N., & Vieta, E. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.012 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Sclocco, R., Garcia, R. G., Kettner, N. W., Isenburg, K., Fisher, H. P., Hubbard, C. S., Ay, İ., Polimeni, J. R., Goldstein, J. M., Makris, N., et al. (2019) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.003 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Induction of c-Fos and ΔFosB Immunoreactivity in Rat Brain by Vagal Nerve Stimulation
Cunningham, J. T., Mifflin, S. W., Gould, G. G., & Frazer, A. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301570 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationTranscutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Retrospective Assessment of Cardiac Safety in a Pilot Study
Kreuzer, P. M., Landgrebe, M., Hüsser, O., Resch, M., Schecklmann, M., Geisreiter, F., Poeppl, T. B., Prasser, S. J., Hajak, G., & Langguth, B. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00070 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Liu, J. H., Fang, J., Wang, Z., Rong, P., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Park, J., Yu, J. Z., Liu, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.003 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Capone, F., Miccinilli, S., Pellegrino, G., Zollo, L., Simonetti, D., Bressi, F., Florio, L., Ranieri, F., Falato, E., Santo, A. D., et al. (2017) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2017/7876507 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Wager‐Smith, K., & Markou, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.09.010 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The effect of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on cortical excitability
Capone, F., Assenza, G., Di Pino, G., Musumeci, G., Ranieri, F., Florio, L., Barbato, C., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2015) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-014-1299-7 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The vagus nerve modulates BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus
O’Leary, O. F., Ogbonnaya, E. S., Felice, D., Levone, B. R., C. Conroy, L., Fitzgerald, P., Bravo, J. A., Forsythe, P., Bienenstock, J., Dinan, T. G., et al. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.004 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Beste, C., Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., Grigoriadou, S., Zhang, R., Chmielewski, W. X., Stock, A., & Colzato, L. S. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.004 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Warren, C. M., Tona, K., Ouwerkerk, L., van Paridon, J., Poletiek, F. H., van Steenbergen, H., Bosch, J. A., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.224 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation in psychiatry: a systematic review of the available evidence
Cimpianu, C.-L., Strube, W., Falkai, P., Palm, U., & Hasan, A. (2017) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1642-2 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Pruitt, D. T., Schmid, A. N., Kim, L. J., Abe, C. M., Trieu, J., Choua, C., Hays, S. A., Kilgard, M. P., & Rennaker, R. L. (2015) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3972 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics
Hachem, L. D., Wong, S. M., & Ibrahim, G. M. (2018) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2018.6.focus18216 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Accelerated TMS - moving quickly into the future of depression treatment
van Rooij, S. J. H., Arulpragasam, A. R., McDonald, W. M., & Philip, N. S. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01599-z · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Interaction of the Vagus Nerve and Serotonin in the Gut–Brain Axis
Hwang, Y. K., & Oh, J. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26031160 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Malézieux, M., Klein, A. S., & Gogolla, N. (2023) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-103314 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on conditioned fear extinction in humans.
Burger, A., Verkuil, B., Diest, I. V., van der Does, W., Thayer, J., & Brosschot, J. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.007 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Leonard, B. E. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.10.018 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on rat hippocampal progenitor proliferation
Revesz, D., Tjernstrom, M., Ben-Menachem, E., & Thorlin, T. (2008) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.08.012 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Badran, B. W., Yu, A. B., Adair, D., Mappin, G. M., DeVries, W. H., Jenkins, D., George, M. S., & Bikson, M. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/58984 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Factors in Asthma
Lieshout, R. J. V., & MacQUEEN, G. M. (2008) · Allergy Asthma and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1186/1710-1492-4-1-12 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Role of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Shao, P., Li, H., Jiang, J., Guan, Y., Chen, X., & Wang, Y. (2023) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000531626 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) enhances divergent thinking
Colzato, L. S., Ritter, S. M., & Steenbergen, L. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.003 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Morphology of the human cervical vagus nerve: implications for vagus nerve stimulation treatment
Verlinden, T. J. M., Rijkers, K., Hoogland, G., & Herrler, A. (2015) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.12462 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., Stock, A., Verkuil, B., Beste, C., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.03.015 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
RetractedBodin, C., Aubert, S., Daquin, G., Carron, R., Scavarda, D., McGonigal, A., & Bartoloméi, F. (2015) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.03.018 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in humans: State-of-the-art review and future directions
Alen, N. V. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104622 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tu, Y., Fang, J., Cao, J., Wang, Z., Park, J., Jorgenson, K., Lang, C., Liu, J., Zhang, G., Zhao, Y., et al. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.01.006 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Fang, J., Egorova, N., Rong, P., Liu, J. H., Yang, H., Fan, Y., Wang, X., Wang, H., Yu, Y., Ma, Y., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.12.016 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Neuroimmunomodulation of vagus nerve stimulation and the therapeutic implications
Fang, Y., Lin, Y.-T., Tseng, W.-L., Tseng, P. H., Hua, G.-L., Chao, Y., & Wu, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1173987 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Faster, better, stronger: Towards new antidepressant therapeutic strategies
O’Leary, O. F., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.046 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant depression in adolescents: review and updates on clinical management
Maalouf, F. T., Atwi, M., & Brent, D. A. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20884 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Kemp, A. H., Quintana, D. S., Quinn, C. R., Hopkinson, P., & Harris, A. W. F. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01387 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Intraoperative and perioperative complications with a vagus nerve stimulation device
Fahy, B. G. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2009.10.002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Post-error Slowing
Sellaro, R., van Leusden, J. W. R., Tona, K., Verkuil, B., Nieuwenhuis, S., & Colzato, L. S. (2015) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00851 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Directing neural plasticity to understand and treat tinnitus
Engineer, N. D., Møller, A. R., & Kilgard, M. P. (2012) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2012.10.001 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Kosel, M., Brockmann, H., Frick, C., Zobel, A. W., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.11.004 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Rong, P., Fang, J., Wang, L.-P., Meng, H., Liu, J. H., Ma, Y.-G., Ben, H., Li, L., Liu, R., Huang, Z.-X., et al. (2012) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-255 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sellaro, R., de Gelder, B., Finisguerra, A., & Colzato, L. S. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.007 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
BOLD fMRI effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in patients with chronic tinnitus
Yakunina, N., Kim, S. S., & Nam, E. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207281 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Borges, U., Laborde, S., & Raab, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223848 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Schumann, A., de la Cruz, F., Köhler, S., Brotte, L., & Bär, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.691988 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pardo, J. V., Sheikh, S. A., Schwindt, G. C., Lee, J. T., Kuskowski, M. A., Surerus, C., Lewis, S. M., Abuzzahab, F. S., Adson, D. E., & Rittberg, B. R. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.267 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Keever, K. R., Yakubenko, V. P., & Hoover, D. B. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106758 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Faraji, N., Payami, B., Ebadpour, N., & Gorji, A. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105990 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hasan, A., Wolff-Menzler, C., Pfeiffer, S., Falkai, P., Weidinger, E., Jobst, A., Hoell, I., Malchow, B., Yeganeh-Doost, P., Strube, W., et al. (2015) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0618-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Darwin revisited: The vagus nerve is a causal element in controlling recognition of other's emotions
Colzato, L. S., Sellaro, R., & Beste, C. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.03.017 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Fang, J., Liu, J. H., Rong, P., Jorgenson, K., Park, J., Lang, C., Yang, H., Zhu, B., & Kong, J. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.018 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Heart and soul: heart rate variability and major depression.
Kidwell, M., & Ellenbroek, B. (2018) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000387 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Shim, H. J., Kwak, M. Y., An, Y., Kim, D. H., Kim, Y. J., & Kim, H. J. (2015) · Journal of Audiology & Otology · doi:10.7874/jao.2015.19.3.159 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Emerging literature in the Microbiota-Brain Axis and Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Rackers, H., Thomas, S., Williamson, K., Posey, R., & Kimmel, M. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.020 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Hlaváčová, N., Wes, P. D., Ondrejčáková, M., Flynn, M. E., Poundstone, P., Babic, S., Murck, H., & Ježová, D. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145711000368 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Brain stimulation for the treatment of psychiatric disorders
George, M. S., Nahas, Z. H., Borckardt, J. J., Anderson, B. S., Foust, M. J., Burns, C. A., Köse, S., & Short, E. B. (2007) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e3280ad4698 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationMa, J., Zhang, L., He, G., Tan, X., Jin, X., & Li, C. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.004 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Rodent Models: An Overview of Technical Considerations
Noller, C. M., Levine, Y. A., Urakov, T. M., Aronson, J. P., & Nash, M. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00911 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Burger, A., van der Does, W., Thayer, J. F., Brosschot, J., & Verkuil, B. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.01.014 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cao, J., Lu, K., Powley, T. L., & Liu, Z. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189518 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cognition-Enhancing Vagus Nerve Stimulation Alters the Epigenetic Landscape
Sanders, T. H., Weiss, J. B., Hogewood, L., Chen, L., Paton, C., McMahan, R. L., & Sweatt, J. D. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2407-18.2019 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Perez, S. M., Carreno, F. R., Frazer, A., & Lodge, D. J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0588-14.2014 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationZuelli, F. M. D. G. C., Brognara, F., Quirino, G. F. S., Hiroki, C. H., Fais, R. S., Del‐Ben, C. M., Ulloa, L., Salgado, H. C., Kanashiro, A., & Loureiro, C. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00618 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders
George, M. S., Nahas, Z. H., Borckardt, J. J., Anderson, B. S., Burns, C. A., Köse, S., & Short, E. B. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.1.63 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationOlin, B., Jayewardene, A. K., Bunker, M. T., & Moreno, F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nemeroff, C. B., Mayberg, H. S., Krahl, S. E., McNamara, J., Frazer, A., Henry, T. R., George, M. S., Charney, D. S., & Brannan, S. K.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nemeroff, Charles B
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2006-04-19
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1345-1355
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2094533610
- Cited by
- 496
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-07-31)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- vagus nerve stimulation, treatment-resistant depression, drug-resistant epilepsy, nucleus tractus solitarius, serotonergic projections, noradrenergic projections, mood regulation, neurostimulation, treatment efficacy and safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Major Depressive Disorder, Drug Resistance, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Neurobiology, Time Factors, Vagus Nerve
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
