Fatty Acids and Homocysteine Levels in Patients with Recurrent Depression: An Explorative Pilot Study
Abstract
Major depressive disorders (MDD) and cardiovascular disease are mutually associated. They share signs and symptoms of the "metabolic syndrome". Two observations that may be causally related with the metabolic syndrome and therefore with both MDD and cardiovascular disease are a decrease in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a rise in plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels. Both the rise in tHcy and the decrease in omega-3 PUFAs may be associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation. We exploratively studied 44 randomly chosen patients out of a cohort of 134 patients with the recurrent form of MDD (MDD-R). We measured tHcy levels together with saturated FAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and PUFAs of the omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 series in plasma and erythrocytes. Levels were compared with laboratory reference values. The main findings were a decrease in the erythrocytes of C22:5omega-3, C22:6omega-3, C24:1omega-9 and C20:3omega-9 and in the plasma a decrease in C24:1omega-9 and C20:3omega-9. The only significant association we found was between the total of omega-6 fatty acids and plasma tHcy. The FA alterations were found in patients although most of them were clinically recovered, suggesting that the alterations may represent a biological" trait" marker for recurrent depression.
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According to epidemiological and clinical studies, reduced dietary intake of fatty acids, especially ω3, is associated with mood disorders and depression.
“According to both epidemiological and clinical studies, a reduced dietary intake of fatty acids, especially ω3, is associated with mood disorders and depression [446,447,448,449].”
From The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease: Implications on Diagnosis and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [448]
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Song, C. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444323351.ch19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ácidos grasos omega-3 y enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas
Navarro, J. F., Cavas, M., & García, F. B. (2006) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/s1134-5934(06)75346-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diet and Depression: A Secondary Analysis from NHANES 1999-2002
Mora, K. (2006) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Delport, D. (2014) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Fish fatty acids and mental health in older people
van de Rest, O. (2009) · doi:10.18174/14784
Jin, W. (2015) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
The role of fatty acids in drug resistant epilepsy
Krüger, A. (2006)
Ali, R. F. M. (2024) · Canrea Journal Food Technology Nutritions and Culinary Journal · doi:10.20956/canrea.v7i2.1221
Major Depression and Metabolic Syndrome
Marazziti, D., Cappellato, G., Chiarantini, I., Palermo, S., Arone, A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-96019-2_3
- Authors
- Assies, J., Lok, A., Bockting, C. L., Weverling, G. J., Lieverse, R., Visser, I., Abeling, N. G. G. M., Duran, M., & Schene, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Assies, J
- Venue
- Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 349-356
- ISSN
- 0952-3278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170143250
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- recurrent major depressive disorder, plasma homocysteine, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, omega-9 fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, erythrocyte fatty acids, lipid peroxidation, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Homocysteine, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Recurrence, Case-Control Studies
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