Constraints on the late Ediacaran sulfur cycle from carbonate associated sulfate

Tostevin, Rosalie; He, Tianchen; Turchyn, Alexandra V.; Wood, Rachel A.; Penny, Amelia M.; Bowyer, Fred; Antler, Gilad; Shields, Graham A.

doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.01.004

Cited by 52Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisGeological and Geochemical Analysis

Constraints on the late Ediacaran sulfur cycle from carbonate associated sulfate

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Tostevin, Rosalie, He, Tianchen, Turchyn, Alexandra V., Wood, Rachel A., Penny, Amelia M., Bowyer, Fred, Antler, Gilad, Shields, Graham A.·2017·Precambrian Research

DOI 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.01.004

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Seawater sulphate δ34S values fell from a peak (~40-45‰) during the late Ediacaran to lower values by the early Cambrian.
“demonstrating that seawater sulphate δ 34 S values fell from a peak (~40-45‰) during the late Ediacaran 19,20 to lower values by the early Cambrian.”
From Possible links between extreme oxygen perturbations and the Cambrian radiation of animals (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Section 5.4.2 (page unavailable) says seawater sulfate δ³⁴S rose to ~40–45‰ before 547 Ma and describes terminal Ediacaran values as exceptionally high. The passages do not establish when values fell or specifically document lower values by the early Cambrian. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The CAS extraction protocol was established following tests involving twelve consecutive leaching steps on five carbonate samples from different stratigraphic horizons of the Aldan-Lena river sections and three samples from the Ediacaran Nama Group.
“The protocol was established following tests involving twelve consecutive leaching steps on five carbonate samples from different stratigraphic horizons of the Aldan-Lena river sections and three samples from the Ediacaran Nama Group 19 .”
From Possible links between extreme oxygen perturbations and the Cambrian radiation of animals (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
The Methods section (page unavailable) describes a CAS extraction protocol using five NaCl pre-leaches, and the Results section reports pre-leach measurements for three Nama Group samples. Neither section describes twelve consecutive leaching steps or five samples from the Aldan-Lena river sections. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The range of the demosponge biomarker 24-isopropylcholestane is 713-635 Ma.
“713-635 Ma, range of demosponge biomarker (24-isopropylcholestane) (123)”
From Integrated records of environmental change and evolution challenge the Cambrian Explosion (2019) · cites this paper as [123]
The Results and section 5.4.2 discuss carbonate-associated sulfate measurements and late Ediacaran age constraints, not the age range of a demosponge biomarker. Searches for 24-isopropylcholestane, 713 Ma, and 635 Ma found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed range. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Collins, A. G. (2000) · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026

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[90]90. Morris, S.C., Mattes, B., Chen, M., 1990. The early skeletal organism Cloudina: new occurrences from Oman and possibly China. American Journal of Science 245-260.

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Integrated records of environmental change and evolution challenge the Cambrian Explosion
Wood, R., Liu, A. G., Bowyer, F., Wilby, P. R., Dunn, F. S., Kenchington, C. G., Cuthill, J. F. H., Mitchell, E. G., & Penny, A. (2019) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0821-6 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
“A shift in the 127 marine sulphur cycle, as recorded by δ(34)S, is possibly consistent with increasingly 128 widespread sulphate reduction under anoxic conditions around ~550 Ma (22,46).”
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Possible links between extreme oxygen perturbations and the Cambrian radiation of animals
He, T., Zhu, M., Mills, B. J. W., Wynn, P. M., Zhuravlev, A. Y., Tostevin, R., Pogge von Strandmann, P. A. E., Yang, A., Poulton, S. W., & Shields, G. A. (2019) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0357-z · Cited by 193 · see citing works
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Claypool continued: Extending the isotopic record of sedimentary sulfate
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Global marine redox evolution from the late Neoproterozoic to the early Paleozoic constrained by the integration of Mo and U isotope records
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“…terminal Ediacaran strata has also been reported from the roughly equivalent strata in Oman (Fike & Grotzinger, 2008), Namibia (Ries et al. 2009; Tostevin et al. 2017), Arctic Siberia (Cui et al. 2016 a ) and Newfoundland (Canfield et al. 2007; Hantsoo et al. 2018), suggesting a global…”
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The Ediacaran Period
Xiao, S., & Narbonne, G. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824360-2.00018-8 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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Decoupled oxygenation of the Ediacaran ocean and atmosphere during the rise of early animals
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A diverse Ediacara assemblage survived under low-oxygen conditions
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Transient shallow-ocean oxidation associated with the late Ediacaran Nama skeletal fauna: Evidence from iodine contents of the Lower Nama Group, southern Namibia
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“…Zhou, 2012), the large perturbations of geochemical cycles (Chen et al., 2009; Husson et al., 2015; Jiang et al., 2007; Och & Shields- Zhou, 2012; Tostevin et al., 2017, 2019; Wei, Planavsky, et al., 2018), and the sudden occurrence and rapid diversification of metazoan (Cole et al., 2020; Hua…”
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Interaction of Shibantan Biota and environment in the terminal Ediacaran ocean: Evidence from I/(Ca+Mg) and sulfur isotopes
Huang, K., Cheng, M., Algeo, T. J., Hu, J., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Dodd, M. S., Wu, Y., Guo, W., & Li, C. (2022) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2022.106814 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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“On the other hand, many Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, such as the Mesoproterozoic Chuanlinggou Formation in North China [30], Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Yangtze Block [35] and Ediacaran Nama Group in Namibia [36], have bulk-sample δ(34)Spy values greater than+30 (the expected upper boundof Proterozoicδ(34)Ssw).”
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Mills, B. J. W., Hir, G. L., Merdith, A., Gurung, K., Bowyer, F. T., Krause, A. J., Sánchez‐Baracaldo, P., Hunter, S. J., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104791 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…record has a coarser time resolution, although individual carbon isotope events like the Shuram negative excursion, and subsequent late Ediacaran to early Cambrian positive excursions, do appear to have synchronous excursions in δ 34 S (Osburn et al., 2015; Tostevin et al., 2017; He et al., 2019).”
Self-citation
Effective use of limestones to reconstruct seawater Li isotope compositions - A community standard proposal
Cao, C., Liu, X., Wang, X.-K., & Chen, J. (2023) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121441 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Calcium isotopes as a record of the marine calcium cycle versus carbonate diagenesis during the late Ediacaran
Tostevin, R., Bradbury, H. J., Shields, G., Wood, R. A., Bowyer, F. T., Penny, A., & Turchyn, A. V. (2019) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119319 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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New Facies Model and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy for an Ediacaran Carbonate Platform From South America (Tamengo Formation—Corumbá Group, SW Brazil)
Ramos, M. E., Giorgioni, M., Walde, D. H. G., do Carmo, D. A., Fazio, G., Vieira, L. C., Denezine, M., Santos, R. V., Adôrno, R. R., & Guida, L. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2022.749066 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“These conditions prompted the growing of carbonate platforms onto the inundated continental margins, as well as major perturbations in the carbon and sulfur cycles (e.g., Gorjan et al., 2000; Hurtgen et al., 2005; Elie et al., 2007; Halverson and Hurtgen., 2007; Ries et al., 2009; Johnston et al., 2012; Loyd et al., 2…”
Background
High resolution strontium isotope data from Nama Group, South Africa, constrain global stratigraphic relationships in the terminal Ediacaran
Mtonda, M., le Roux, P., Taylor, W. L., Wilton, A., & Tostevin, R. (2024) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107339 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Controls on pyrite sulfur isotopes during early diagenesis in marine sediments of the South China Sea
Jiang, X., Gong, S., Sun, T., Peckmann, J., Antler, G., Hu, Y., Wang, X., Liang, Q., & Feng, D. (2024) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Authigenic δ13C-carb Negative Excursion in the Late Ediacaran-Early Cambrian Bilara Group, Marwar Supergroup, India
Ansari, A. H., & Pandey, S. K. (2021) · Journal of the Geological Society of India · doi:10.1007/s12594-021-1736-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Initial cyclostratigraphy of the middle Nama Group (Schwarzrand Subgroup) in southern Namibia
Spiering, B., Bissick, A., Darroch, S. A. F., Davies, J. H. F. L., Gibson, B. M., Halverson, G. P., Laflamme, M., & Hilgen, F. J. (2023) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107200 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A volatile sulfur sink aids in reconciling the sulfur isotope mass balance of closed basin lakes
Crémière, A., Tino, C., Pommer, M., Cui, X., Roychowdhury, M., Summons, R. E., Sessions, A. L., Sarg, J. F., Lyons, T. W., & Adkins, J. F. (2024) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2024.01.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pyrite Sulfur Isotope Systematics Suggest Low Marine Sulfate Levels across the Ediacaran–Cambrian Transition
Li, S., Lang, X., Wang, H., Zhu, S., Zhao, K., & Hou, M. (2023) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min13020227 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The sulfur isotopic consequence of seawater sulfate distillation preserved in the Neoproterozoic Sete Lagoas post-glacial carbonate, eastern Brazil
Okubo, J., Kaufman, A. J., Warren, L. V., Evans, M. N., Marroquín, S., Varni, M. A., Misi, A., Bahniuk, A. M., & Xiao, S. (2022) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/jgs2021-091 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Calcitized evaporites in the Mesoproterozoic Atar and El Meriti Groups, Mauritania, Africa
Manning‐Berg, A., Goodman, E. E., & Kah, L. C. (2023) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111974 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Multiple sulfur isotopes and stratigraphic constraints for the 34S enrichments in the late Ediacaran-Cambrian pyrite-sulfur record: A product of supercontinent assembly and restricted seas
Caetano-Filho, S., Sansjofre, P., de Paula-Santos, G. M., Ader, M., Cartigny, P., Guacaneme, C., Babinski, M., Kuchenbecker, M., Reis, H., & Trindade, R. I. F. (2024) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2024.03.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Carbon and sulfur biogeochemical cycles in the Brazilian Ediacaran record
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Chemosymbiotic trophic strategy in an Ediacaran tubular animal
Wang, Z., Peng, Y., Tang, Q., Schiffbauer, J. D., Xiao, S., Fike, D. A., Jia, Z., Feng, D., Crockford, P. W., Cai, Y., et al. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2526201123 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Redox Conditions of the Late Ediacaran Ocean on the Southern Margin of the North China Craton
Yang, J., Jin, W., Wang, G.-D., Wan, L., & Zeng, Z. (2023) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min13091124 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review
Zhao, C., Guo, Q., Zhang, T., Han, X., & Usman, D. (2024) · Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1002/rcm.9733 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Oceanic and atmospheric oxygenation during the late Ediacaran based on multiple isotope records from South China
Li, J., Wen, H., Fan, H., Zhang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2024) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112215 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal fluctuations of pyrite sulfur isotope with pyrite morphology during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition
Zhu, S., Feng, M., Zhao, K., Li, S., Hou, J., Ye, K., Meng, W., & Lang, X. (2025) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107704 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shoaling of anoxic water as a driver of the Cambrian ROECE event: new sulfur isotope evidence from the Tarim Basin
Zhang, Y., Yang, T., He, T., Mills, B. J. W., Newton, R. J., Zhao, M., Yang, L. W., & Zhu, M. (2026) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105403 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Ocean deoxygenation after the Sturtian Snowball
Zhang, K., Little, S., Dickson, A. J., & Shields, G. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60700-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Indeed, coupled high δ 34 S CAS (> +40 ‰ ) and low δ 238 U ( − 1 ‰ ) values are also evident during the late Ediacaran 32,33,36,37 and similarly attributed to the spread of euxinic seawater and enhanced pyrite burial, along with an elevated isotopic ratio of sulfur input ( δ 34 S in ) 33,36 – 38 .”
Self-citation
Ancient acid rains in the Ediacaran period – An alternative story for sulfate sedimentation
Шалдыбин, М. В. (2022) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2022.106804 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Experimental comparisons of carbonate-associated sulfate extraction methodsPreprint
Tian, Z., Shields, G., & Zhou, Y. (2022) · doi:10.31223/x56s87 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Ancient acid rains in Ediacaran – an alternative story for sulfate sedimentationPreprint
Шалдыбин, М. В. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-986625/v1
Constraints on bio-essential elements in the Paleoproterozoic seawater: Estimation from in situ analyses of the carbonate rocks, Francevillian Group, Gabon
Yoshida, S., Mayika, K. B., Asanuma, H., Moussavou, M., Sato, T., Hirata, T., Ligna, C., Sawaki, Y., & Edou-Minko, A. (2026) · Geoscience Frontiers · doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2026.102290
First-principles calculation of sulfur isotope equilibrium fractionation between carbonate associated sulfate (CAS) and aqueous solution
Wenjie, S. H. I., Xingping, C. A. I., Lecai, X. I. N. G., & Hongtao, H. E. (2026) · Acta Mineralogica Sinica · doi:10.3724/j.1000-4734.2026.46.010
“…model; isotope equilibrium fractionation 硫酸盐（ SO 2– 4 ）是海洋中含量最丰富的阴离子，其地球化学行为对地表一系列物理、化学及生物过程均产生了深远影响，是海水硫循环及古环境重建的关键元素。其氧、硫同位素更是古海洋环境重建的核心指标 [1,2] 期硫酸根对碳酸盐晶格中碳酸根的替代 [9] ，这一成因确保了它能真实记录沉积时期的环境信息。此外，实验观察显示，非生物沉淀的碳酸盐矿物中 CAS 的 δ 34 S 值与共存硫酸盐水溶液的 δ 34 S 值高度接近 [10,11]…”
Sequential extraction of carbonate-associated sulfate from calcite and dolomite in carbonate rocks
Xu, C., Liu, L., Li, H., Cai, C., Yang, H., & Lu, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2026.1778523
Improving the reliability of carbonate-associated sulfate extraction through optimized pre-leaching methods
Tian, Z., Shields, G., & Zhou, Y. (2026) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.107005 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Advances in sulfur species analysis in geological materials: methods, challenges, and future directions
Mogashane, T. M., Motlatle, M. A., Mokoena, L., & Tshilongo, J. (2026) · Advances in Sample Preparation · doi:10.1016/j.sampre.2026.100246
Nitrogen cycling perturbations and their links to the biological evolution in the Ediacaran Dengying Formation, South China
Wei, K., Cao, H., Wang, Z., An, Z., Chen, F., Huang, H., Chen, C., & Zeng, Y. (2026) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.114146

Superheavy pyrite ( 34Spyr > 34SCAS) in the terminal Proterozoic Nama Group, southern Namibia: A consequence of low seawater sulfate at the dawn of animal life
Ries, J. B., Fike, D. A., Pratt, L. M., Lyons, T. W., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2009) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g25775a.1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Group, southern Namibia: A consequence of low seawater sulfate at the dawn of animal life
Ries, J. B., Fike, D. A., Pratt, L. M., Lyons, T. W., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2009)
Revisiting Ediacaran sulfur isotope chemostratigraphy with in situ nanoSIMS analysis of sedimentary pyrite
Wang, W., Hu, Y., Muscente, A. D., Cui, H., Guan, C., Hao, J., & Zhou, C. (2021) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g48262.1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ediacaran sulfur cycle: Insights from sulfur isotope measurements (Δ33S and δ34S) on paired sulfate–pyrite in the Huqf Supergroup of Oman
Wu, N., Farquhar, J. D., & Fike, D. A. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.031 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Multiple sulfur isotopes and stratigraphic constraints for the 34S enrichments in the late Ediacaran-Cambrian pyrite-sulfur record: A product of supercontinent assembly and restricted seas
Caetano-Filho, S., Sansjofre, P., de Paula-Santos, G. M., Ader, M., Cartigny, P., Guacaneme, C., Babinski, M., Kuchenbecker, M., Reis, H., & Trindade, R. I. F. (2024) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2024.03.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Authors: Tostevin, R., He, T., Turchyn, A. V., Wood, R. A., Penny, A. M., Bowyer, F., Antler, G., & Shields, G. A.
Affiliations: University College London (GB)
University of Cambridge (GB)
University of Edinburgh (GB)
Corresponding author: Tostevin, Rosalie
ORCID: Tostevin, Rosalie
He, Tianchen
Turchyn, Alexandra V.
Wood, Rachel A.
Penny, Amelia M.
Bowyer, Fred
Antler, Gilad
Shields, Graham A.
Venue: Precambrian Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-03
Volume: 290
Pages: 113-125
ISSN: 0301-9268 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.01.004
OpenAlex: W2569115079
Semantic Scholar: 319d8424eff5f6af92ef06c8b57f99a61556dfb9
Cited by: 52
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
discovery.ucl.ac.uk
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Precambrian Research (publishedVersion)
Department of Earth Sciences EPrints Repository (acceptedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Apollo
Funders: Natural Environment Research Council (NE/I00596X/1, NE/P013643/1, NE/J017930/1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Keywords: carbonate-associated sulfate, sulfur cycling, Ediacaran, Nama Group, sulfur isotopes, pyrite, seawater sulfate, sulfur isotope fractionation, redox conditions, Precambrian geochemistry

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