Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Constraints on Early Animal Evolution
Abstract
Two distinct evolutionary pulses, represented by the Vendian Ediacaran fauna and Cambrian small shelly faunas, are generally thought to characterize the emergence of macroscopic animals at the end of Precambrian time. Biostratigraphic and uranium-lead zircon age data from Namibia indicate that most globally distributed Ediacaran fossils are no older than 549 million years old and some are as young as 543 million years old, essentially coincident with the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. These data suggest that the most diverse assemblages of Ediacaran animals existed within 6 million years of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary and that simple discoid animals may have appeared at least 50 million years earlier.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lowermost occurrence of Cloudina and Namacalathus is documented from the Nama Group in Namibia and coincides with a pronounced positive carbon excursion reaching 8‰ dated 548.8 ± 1 Ma.
“Their lowermost occurrence is documented from the Nama Group in Namibia”
From Chronology of early Cambrian biomineralization (2012) · cites this paper as Grotzinger et al . 1995
Macroscopic fossils of the Ediacara biota span the upper half of the Ediacaran Period, from 575 to 542 Myr ago.
“Macroscopic fossils of the Ediacara biota span the upper half of the Ediacaran Period, from 575 to 542 Myr ago (Grotzinger et al. 1995; Martin et al. 2000; Bowring et al. 2003; Condon et al. 2005).”
From The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records (2008) · cites this paper as Grotzinger et al. 1995
The latest Precambrian has yielded trace fossils of unmistakable bilaterian origin.
“The latest Precambrian also has yielded trace fossils of unmistakable bilaterian origin (5–7).”
From Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China (2000) · cites this paper as [5]
Unequivocal paleontological evidence of bilaterian forms has extended only to the final period of the Neoproterozoic, a few million years before the Cambrian "explosion."
“But thus far, unequivocal paleontological evidence of bilaterian forms has extended only to the final period of the Neoproterozoic, a few million years before the Cambrian “explosion” (5–7, 19, 20).”
From Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China (2000) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model
Stacey, J. S., & Kramers, J. D. (1975) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(75)90088-6 · Cited by 9,157 · see citing works
Did the Breakout of Laurentia Turn Gondwanaland Inside-Out?
Hoffman, P. F. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.252.5011.1409 · Cited by 1,749 · see citing works
Krogh, T. E. (1982) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(82)90165-x · Cited by 1,717 · see citing works
KAUFMAN, A., & KNOLL, A. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00070-8 · Cited by 1,167 · see citing works
Self-citationZircon U-Pb ages for the Early Cambrian time-scale
Compston, W., Williams, I. S., Kirschvink, J. L., Zhang, Z., & Guogan, M. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.2.0171 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Calibrating Rates of Early Cambrian Evolution
Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Isachsen, C. E., Knoll, A. H., Pelechaty, S. M., & Kolosov, P. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11539488 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Self-citationVendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution
SEILACHER, A. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0607 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Schopf, J. W., & Klein, C. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511601064.002 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Kaufman, A. J., Hayes, J. M., Knoll, A. H., & Germs, G. (1991) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(91)90039-d · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationVendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere
Seilacher, A. (1989) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01332.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Narbonne, G. M., Myrow, P. M., Landing, E., & Anderson, M. M. (1987) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e87-124 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
The Late Precambrian fossils from Ediacara, South Australia
Glaessner, M. F., & Wade, M. (1966) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16238847 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Predatorial Borings in Late Precambrian Mineralized Exoskeletons
Bengtson, S., & Zhao, Y. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.257.5068.367 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
(1990) · PubMed · Cited by 277 · see citing works
New shelly fossils from Nama Group, South West Africa
Germs, G. J. B. (1972) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/ajs.272.8.752 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa
(1992) · Topics in geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Latest Proterozoic stratigraphy and Earth history
Knoll, A. H., & Walter, M. R. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356673a0 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Were the Ediacaran fossils lichens?
Retallack, G. J. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300012975 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution
(1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69317-5 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Functional and Ecological Aspects of Ediacaran Assemblages
Jenkins, R. J. F. (1992) · Topics in Geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8_5 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
(1993) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Knoll, A. H., Grotzinger, J. P., Kaufman, A. J., & Kolosov, P. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00081-2 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecise U–Pb zircon dates from the Avalon Terrane in Newfoundland
Krogh, T. E., Strong, D. F., O’Brien, S. J., & Papezik, V. S. (1988) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e88-045 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The Evolution of Life on the Earth
Gould, S. J. (1994) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1094-84 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
SAYLOR, B., GROTZINGER, J., & GERMS, G. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00076-4 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationCompston, W., Sambridge, M. S., REINFRANK, R. F., MOCZYDEOWSKA, M., Vidal, G., & Claesson, S. (1995) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.152.4.0599 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Tucker, R. D., Krogh, T. E., Ross, R. J., & Williams, S. H. (1990) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/0012-821x(90)90175-w · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Phylum Vendobionta: a sister group of the Eumetazoa?
Buss, L. W., & Seilacher, A. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300011088 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Biostratigraphy of the Vendian-Cambrian beds and the lower Cambrian boundary in Siberia
Khomentovsky, V. V., & Karlova, G. A. (1993) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756800023700 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
U-Pb zircon ages for Late Precambrian igneous rocks in southern Britain
Tucker, R. D., & Pharaoh, T. C. (1991) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.148.3.0435 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Trace fossils, small shelly fossils and the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary
Landing, Narbonne, G. M., Myrow, P. M., & Matthew, G. F. (1988) · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Jenkins, R. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00071-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Trace fossils from the Nama Group (Precambrian-Cambrian) of Southwest Africa (Namibia)
Crimes, T. P., & Germs, G. J. B. (1982) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Latest proterozoic microfossils from the nama group, namibia (south west Africa)
Germs, G. J. B., Knoll, A. H., & Vidal, G. (1986) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(86)90029-x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The Neoproterozoic of Baltica—stratigraphy, palaeobiology and general geological evolution
Vidal, G., & Moczydłowska, M. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00078-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ion-probe zircon dating of a mid-Early Cambrian tuff in South Australia
Cooper, J. A., Jenkins, R., Compston, W., & Williams, I. S. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.2.0185 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Vendian as the Terminal System of the Precambrian
Sokolov, B. S., & Fedonkin, M. A. (1984) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1984/v7i1/004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Numerical dating of Precambrian–Cambrian boundary
Odin, G. S., Gale, N. H., Auvray, B., Bielski, M., Doré, F., Lancelot, J., & Pasteels, P. (1983) · Nature · doi:10.1038/301021a0 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Trace fossils from the Nama Group, South-West Africa
Germs, G. J. B. (1972) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Myrow, P. M., & Hiscott, R. N. (1993) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90117-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Horstmann, U. E., Ahrendt, H., Clauer, N., & Porada, H. (1990) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(90)90056-v · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Self-citation
Best, J. A., Barazangi, M., Al-Saad, D., Sawaf, T., & Gebran, A. (1990) · Geology · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018
Multiple δ13C excursions spanning the Cambrian explosion to the Botomian crisis in Siberia
(1994) · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 46 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
U-Pb Ages from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, China
Condon, D., Zhu, M., Bowring, S., Wang, W., Yang, A., & Jin, Y. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1107765 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Self-citationChannel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins
Montgomery, D. R., & Buffington, J. M. (1997) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109 · Cited by 1,926 · see citing works
Oxidation of the Ediacaran Ocean
Fike, D. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Pratt, L. M., & Summons, R. E. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05345 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a Neoproterozoic composite carbon-isotope record
Halverson, G. P., Hoffman, P. F., Schrag, D. P., Maloof, A. C., & Rice, A. H. N. (2005) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b25630.1 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
Hayes, J. M., Strauss, H., & Kaufman, A. J. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00083-2 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology
Knoll, A. H., & Carroll, S. B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
The Sr, C and O isotopic evolution of Neoproterozoic seawater
Jacobsen, S. B., & Kaufman, A. J. (1999) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00080-7 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Self-citationThree-dimensional preservation of algae and animal embryos in a Neoproterozoic phosphorite
Xiao, S., Zhang, Y., & Knoll, A. H. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35318 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period
Love, G. D., Grosjean, E., Stalvies, C., Fike, D. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Bradley, A. S., Kelly, A. E., Bhatia, M., Meredith, W., Snape, C. E., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07673 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems
Narbonne, G. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122519 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: Environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling
Och, L. M., & Shields-Zhou, G. A. (2012) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.09.004 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
Isotopes, ice ages, and terminal Proterozoic earth history
Kaufman, A. J., Knoll, A. H., & Narbonne, G. M. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6600 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationExplaining the Cambrian "Explosion" of Animals
Marshall, C. R. (2006) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.031504.103001 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Precambrian Sponges with Cellular Structures
Li, C.-W., Chen, J.-Y., & Hua, T.-E. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.879 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
The New View of Animal Phylogeny
Halanych, K. M. (2004) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.112202.130124 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Bowring, S. A., Grotzinger, J. P., Condon, D. J., Ramezani, J., Newall, M. J., & Allen, P. A. (2007) · American Journal of Science · doi:10.2475/10.2007.01 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution of the 87Sr/86Sr composition of Neoproterozoic seawater
Halverson, G. P., Dudás, F. Ö., Maloof, A. C., & Bowring, S. A. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.028 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Self-citationTrace element distribution in Neoproterozoic carbonates as palaeoenvironmental indicator
Frimmel, H. E. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.033 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Horton, B. K., Hampton, B. A., & Waanders, G. L. (2001) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Integrated Ediacaran (Sinian) chronostratigraphy of South China
Zhu, M., Zhang, J., & Yang, A. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.025 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
The earliest Cambrian record of animals and ocean geochemical change
Maloof, A. C., Porter, S. M., Moore, J. L., Dudas, F. O., Bowring, S. A., Higgins, J. A., Fike, D. A., & Eddy, M. P. (2010) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/b30346.1 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationEnigmatic origin of the largest-known carbon isotope excursion in Earth's history
Grotzinger, J. P., Fike, D. A., & Fischer, W. W. (2011) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1138 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, G., Kaufman, A. J., Christie‐Blick, N., Zhang, S., & Wu, H. (2007) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.009 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Self-citationWalter, M. R., Veevers, J. J., Calver, C. R., Gorjan, P., & Hill, A. C. (2000) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00082-0 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Martin, M. W., Grazhdankin, D. V., Bowring, S. A., Evans, D. A. D., Fedonkin, M. A., & Kirschvink, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5467.841 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citationPeng, S., Babcock, L. E., & Cooper, R. A. (2012) · The Geologic Time Scale · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00019-6 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Saltzman, M. R., & Thomas, E. (2012) · The Geologic Time Scale · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00011-1 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Steiner, M., Wallis, E., Erdtmann, B., Zhao, Y.-L., & Yang, R.-D. (2001) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(01)00208-5 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
The Ediacaran Period: a new addition to the geologic time scale
Knoll, A. H., Walter, M. R., Narbonne, G. M., & Christie‐Blick, N. (2006) · Lethaia · doi:10.1080/00241160500409223 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Origin of the metazoan phyla: Molecular clocks confirm paleontological estimates
Ayala, F. J., Rzhetsky, A., & Ayala, F. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.606 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Kirschvink, J. L., Ripperdan, R. L., & Evans, D. A. D. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5325.541 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Nicholas Eyles, A., & Januszczak, N. (2003) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(03)00080-1 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy – revisions to SP2
Sharland, P. R., Casey, D. M., Davies, R. B., Simmons, M. D., & Sutcliffe, O. E. (2004) · GeoArabia · doi:10.2113/geoarabia0901199 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
The last common bilaterian ancestor
Erwin, D. H., & Davidson, E. H. (2002) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.129.13.3021 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Peterson, K. J., Cotton, J. A., Gehling, J. G., & Pisani, D. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age constraints on Neoproterozoic Quruqtagh diamictites in NW China
XU, B., Xiao, S., Zou, H., Chen, Y., Li, Z., Song, B., Liu, D., ZHOU, C., & Yuan, X. (2008) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2008.10.008 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion
Valentine, J. W., Jablonski, D., & Erwin, D. H. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.5.851 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Rare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe
Ward, P. D., Brownlee, D. E., & Krauss, L. M. (2000) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.1325239 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
The end of the Ediacara biota: Extinction, biotic replacement, or Cheshire Cat?
Laflamme, M., Darroch, S. A. F., Tweedt, S. M., Peterson, K. J., & Erwin, D. H. (2013) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.11.004 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Chen, D., Wang, J., Qing, H., Yan, D., & Li, R. (2008) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.10.016 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Cambrian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China
Zhu, M., Yang, A., Jingliang, Y., Li, G., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Ahn, S.-Y., & Miao, L. (2018) · Science China Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9291-0 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Saltzman, M. R., Ripperdan, R. L., Brasier, M. D., Lohmann, K. C., Robison, R. A., Chang, W. T., Peng, S., Ergaliev, E. K., & Runnegar, B. (2000) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(00)00128-0 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Calver, C. R. (2000) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00072-8 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
The Ediacaran Biotas in Space and Time
Waggoner, B. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.104 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Kendall, B., Komiya, T., Lyons, T. W., Bates, S. M., Gordon, G. W., Romaniello, S. J., Jiang, G., Creaser, R. A., Xiao, S., McFadden, K., et al. (2015) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.02.025 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Small Bilaterian Fossils from 40 to 55 Million Years Before the Cambrian
Chen, J.-Y., Bottjer, D. J., Oliveri, P., Dornbos, S. Q., Gao, F., Ruffins, S., Chi, H., Li, C.-W., & Davidson, E. H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099213 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives
Jensen, S. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.219 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Knoll, A. H., & Nowak, M. A. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603076 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Eumetazoan fossils in terminal Proterozoic phosphorites?
Xiao, S., Yuan, X., & Knoll, A. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.250491697 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Hydrogen sulphide release to surface waters at the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary
Wille, M., Nägler, T. F., Lehmann, B., Schröder, S., & Kramers, J. D. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07072 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
The break-up of Rodinia, birth of Gondwana, true polar wander and the snowball Earth
Hoffman, P. F. (1999) · Journal of African Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00018-4 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
A composite reference section for terminal Proterozoic strata of southern Namibia
Saylor, B. Z., Kaufman, A. J., Grotzinger, J. P., & Urban, F. (1998) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.2110/jsr.68.1223 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationSawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Tahata, M., Komiya, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., Windley, B. F., Han, J., Shu, D., & Li, Y. (2009) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2009.10.006 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Permineralized Fossils from the Terminal Proterozoic Doushantuo Formation, South China
Zhang, Y., Yin, L., Xiao, S., & Knoll, A. H. (1998) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000059977 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Tohver, E., D'Agrella-Filho, M. S., & Trindade, R. I. F. (2006) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.015 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
True polar wander and supercontinents
Evans, D. A. D. (2003) · Tectonophysics · doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(02)000642-x · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Ediacaran δ13C chemostratigraphy of South China
Zhou, C., & Xiao, S. (2006) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.021 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Ediacaran Extinction and Cambrian Explosion
Darroch, S. A. F., Smith, E. F., Laflamme, M., & Erwin, D. H. (2018) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.06.003 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Jiang, G., Kennedy, M. J., Christie-Blick, N., Wu, H., & Zhang, S. (2006) · Journal of Sedimentary Research · doi:10.2110/jsr.2006.086 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
An expanded record of Early Cambrian carbon cycling from the Anti-Atlas Margin, Morocco
Maloof, A. C., Schrag, D. P., Crowley, J. L., & Bowring, S. A. (2005) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e05-062 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationDuration of the Early Cambrian: U-Pb ages of volcanic ashes from Avalon and Gondwana
Landing, E., Bowring, S. A., Davidek, K. L., Westrop, S. R., Geyer, G., & Heldmaier, W. (1998) · Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences · doi:10.1139/e97-107 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationChronology of early Cambrian biomineralization
KOUCHINSKY, A., BENGTSON, S., RUNNEGAR, B., SKOVSTED, C., STEINER, M., & VENDRASCO, M. (2012) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756811000720 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Landing, E., Geyer, G., Brasier, M. D., & Bowring, S. A. (2013) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.03.008 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning to tell Neoproterozoic time
Knoll, A. H. (2000) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00067-4 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Lunar Impact History from 40 Ar/ 39 Ar Dating of Glass Spherules
Culler, T. S., Becker, T. A., Muller, R. A., & Renne, P. R. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5459.1785 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Low-oxygen waters limited habitable space for early animals
Tostevin, R., Wood, R. A., Shields, G. A., Poulton, S. W., Guilbaud, R., Bowyer, F., Penny, A. M., He, T., Curtis, A., Hoffmann, K. H., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12818 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Towards an Ediacaran Time Scale: Problems, Protocols, and Prospects
Xiao, S., Narbonne, G. M., Zhou, C., Laflamme, M., Grazhdankin, D. V., Moczydłowska-Vidal, M., & Cui, H. (2016) · Episodes · doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2016/v39i4/103886 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Gaucher, C. (2003) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(02)00140-7 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
McIlroy, D., & Logan, G. A. (1999) · PALAIOS · doi:10.2307/3515361 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Linnemann, U., Ovtcharova, M., Schaltegger, U., Gärtner, A., Hautmann, M., Geyer, G., Vickers‐Rich, P., Rich, T., Plessen, B., Hofmann, M., et al. (2019) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/ter.12368 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Global Biogeochemical Changes at Both Ends of the Proterozoic: Insights from Phosphorites
Papineau, D. (2010) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0360 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Grotzinger, J. P., & James, N. P. (2000) · SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) eBooks · doi:10.2110/pec.00.67.0003 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationMacdonald, F. A., Strauss, J. V., Sperling, E. A., Halverson, G. P., Narbonne, G. M., Johnston, D. T., Kunzmann, M., Schrag, D. P., & Higgins, J. A. (2013) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.05.032 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Narbonne, G. M., Xiao, S., Shields, G., & Gehlîng, J. G. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00018-4 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
DeCelles, P. G., & Horton, B. K. (2002) · Geological Society of America Bulletin · doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Giving the early fossil record of sponges a squeeze
Antcliffe, J. B., Callow, R. H. T., & Brasier, M. D. (2014) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/brv.12090 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Oxygenation of the ocean and sediments: Consequences for the seafloor carbonate factory
Higgins, J. A., Fischer, W. W., & Schrag, D. P. (2009) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.039 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
A Critical Look at the Ediacaran Trace Fossil Record
Jensen, S., Droser, M. L., & Gehling, J. G. (2007) · Topics in Geobiology · doi:10.1007/1-4020-5202-2_5 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Schröder, S., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2007) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/0016-76492005-022 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationGehlîng, J. G. (2000) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(99)00069-8 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Frimmel, H. E. (1998) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/s0301-9268(98)00029-1 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Skeletogenesis and asexual reproduction in the earliest biomineralizing animal Cloudina
Hua, H., Chen, Z., Yuan, X., Zhang, L., & Xiao, S. (2005) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g21198.1 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
How well do fossil assemblages of the Ediacara Biota tell time?
Gehling, J. G., & Droser, M. L. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g33881.1 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Ries, J. B., Fike, D. A., Pratt, L. M., Lyons, T. W., & Grotzinger, J. P. (2009) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g25775a.1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the Doushantuo Formation of China
Chen, J.-Y., Oliveri, P., Li, C.-W., Zhou, G.-Q., Gao, F., Hagadorn, J. W., Peterson, K. J., & Davidson, E. H. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4457 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Kaufman, A. J., Corsetti, F. A., & Varni, M. A. (2007) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.023 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationThe magnificent seven: A proposal for modest revision of the quality index
Meert, J. G., Pivarunas, A. F., Evans, D. A. D., Pisarevsky, S., PESONEN, L. J., Li, Z., Elming, S., Miller, S. R., Zhang, S., & Salminen, J. (2020) · Tectonophysics · doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228549 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Proterozoic Modular Biomineralized Metazoan from the Nama Group, Namibia
Wood, R. A., Grotzinger, J. P., & Dickson, J. A. D. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071599 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationEdiacara-type fossils in Cambrian sediments
Jensen, S., Gehling, J. G., & Droser, M. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31215 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The tempo of Ediacaran evolution
Yang, C., Rooney, A. D., Condon, D. J., Li, X.-H., Grazhdankin, D. V., Bowyer, F. T., Hu, C., Macdonald, F. A., & Zhu, M. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi9643 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
New U–Pb zircon ages of the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary strata in South China
Chen, D., Zhou, X., Fu, Y., Wang, J., & Yan, D. (2014) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1111/ter.12134 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Li, D., Ling, H., Shields, G., Chen, X., Cremonese, L., Och, L. M., THIRLWALL, M. F., & Manning, C. (2012) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.01.002 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Chemostratigraphy of Neoproterozoic carbonates: implications for ‘blind dating’
Melezhik, V. A., Gorokhov, I. M., Кузнецов, А. Б., & Fallick, A. E. (2001) · Terra Nova · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2001.00318.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
The Avalon Explosion: Evolution of Ediacara Morphospace
Shen, B., Dong, L., Xiao, S., & Kowalewski, M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1150279 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
The youngest Ediacaran fossils from Southern Africa
Narbonne, G. M., Saylor, B. Z., & Grotzinger, J. P. (1997) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000035940 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationPatterns of evolution of the Ediacaran soft-bodied biota
Grazhdankin, D. (2014) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/13-072 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Biodiversity, speciation, and extinction trends of Proterozoic and Cambrian phytoplankton
Vidal, G., & Moczydłowska-Vidal, M. (1997) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300016808 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes
Xiao, S., Muscente, A. D., Chen, L., Zhou, C., Schiffbauer, J. D., Wood, A. D., Polys, N. F., & Yuan, X. (2014) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwu061 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Tempo and mode of early animal evolution: inferences from rocks, Hox, and molecular clocks
Peterson, K. J., McPeek, M. A., & Evans, D. A. D. (2005) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0036:tamoea]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grotzinger, J. P., Bowring, S. A., Saylor, B. Z., & Kaufman, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1995-10-27
- Volume
- 270
- Issue
- 5236
- Pages
- 598-604
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1995137647
- Cited by
- 701
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 31.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- early animal evolution, Ediacaran fauna, Ediacaran, Precambrian-Cambrian boundary, small shelly fossils, zircon U-Pb geochronology, biostratigraphy, Namibia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
