Peripheral antioxidant markers are associated with total hippocampal and CA3/dentate gyrus volume in MDD and healthy controls—Preliminary findings
Open accessAbstract
Several psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), are associated with increased blood markers of oxidative stress. The relevance of this to the oxidation-sensitive hippocampus (HC) is unknown. We investigated the relationship between peripheral oxidative stress markers and HC volume in unmedicated individuals with MDD (n=16) and healthy controls (n=19). To conserve power, our primary analysis was carried out in the combined group of subjects, and secondary analyses examined each group separately. Oxidative stress markers (oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and Vitamin C) were assessed, and a "total net antioxidant score" was calculated. 4-T MRI estimated total HC volume and HC subfield (CA1, CA1-CA2 transition zone, subiculum and CA3/dentate gyrus [CA3&DG]) volumes. Across groups, the antioxidant score was significantly and positively correlated with total HC volume and CA3&DG subfield volume (normalized to total intracranial volume), adjusting for age and sex. Similar relationships were observed in each individual group but missed statistical significance, likely due to type II errors, with the exception of a significant correlation between the antioxidant score and CA3&DG volume in the MDD group. These preliminary data are consistent with oxidative stress being associated with smaller total HC and CA3&DG subfield volumes.
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One study found that lower antioxidant levels were linked to greater hippocampal volume loss in major depressive disorder.
“one found that lower antioxidant levels were associated with more pronounced hippocampal volume reductions in MDD (107).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Lindqvist, D., Mueller, S., Mellon, S. H., Su, Y., Epel, E. S., Reus, V. I., Rosser, R., Mahan, L., Mackin, R. S., Yang, T. T., & Wolkowitz, O. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lindqvist, Daniel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 224
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 168-174
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4254356
- OpenAlex
- W2035779474
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIMH (1 R01 MH083784)
- O׳Shaughnessy Foundation
- Tinberg family
- Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS-244821)
- Sjobring Foundation
- OM Persson Foundation
- ALF
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, oxidative stress, hippocampus, hippocampal subfields, antioxidant biomarkers, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, blood biomarkers, hippocampal volume
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress, Dentate Gyrus, CA3 Region, Hippocampal
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